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Salute e Malattia - Condizioni mediche

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative a condizioni mediche come "allergia", "diabete" e "insonnia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism
[sostantivo]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcolismo

alcolismo

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism.La ricerca ha mostrato una correlazione tra lo stress e un aumento del rischio di **alcolismo**.
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allergy
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergia

allergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Dopo essere entrata in contatto con il gatto, ha avuto una reazione allergica a causa della sua **allergia** agli animali domestici.
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alopecia
[sostantivo]

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopecia

alopecia

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amenorrhoea
[sostantivo]

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

amenorrea

amenorrea

Ex: Hormonal imbalances, such as low estrogen levels, can contribute to the development of amenorrhea.Gli squilibri ormonali, come i bassi livelli di estrogeni, possono contribuire allo sviluppo dell'**amenorrea**.
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amnesia
[sostantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

amnesia

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anaphylactic shock
[sostantivo]

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

shock anafilattico, reazione anafilattica

shock anafilattico, reazione anafilattica

Ex: Symptoms of anaphylactic shock may include hives , swelling , and a feeling of impending doom .I sintomi dello **shock anafilattico** possono includere orticaria, gonfiore e una sensazione di imminente rovina.
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anaphylaxis
[sostantivo]

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anafilassi, reazione anafilattica

anafilassi, reazione anafilattica

Ex: Michelle 's severe anaphylaxis resulted from exposure to pollen .La grave **anafilassi** di Michelle è stata causata dall'esposizione al polline.
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aphasia
[sostantivo]

a language disorder resulting from brain damage or injury that impairs an individual's ability to understand, produce, and use language

afasia, disturbo del linguaggio

afasia, disturbo del linguaggio

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arteriosclerosis
[sostantivo]

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

arteriosclerosi

arteriosclerosi

Ex: As arteriosclerosis advances , it can lead to complications such as heart attacks and strokes .Man mano che l'**arteriosclerosi** avanza, può portare a complicazioni come attacchi di cuore e ictus.
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brain death
[sostantivo]

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

morte cerebrale, decesso cerebrale

morte cerebrale, decesso cerebrale

Ex: The determination of brain death involves rigorous clinical and neurologic assessments .La determinazione della **morte cerebrale** coinvolge rigorose valutazioni cliniche e neurologiche.
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catarrh
[sostantivo]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarro

catarro

Ex: During the winter months , many people experience catarrh due to the increased prevalence of respiratory infections .Durante i mesi invernali, molte persone soffrono di **catarro** a causa della maggiore prevalenza di infezioni respiratorie.
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cleft palate
[sostantivo]

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

palatoschisi, labbro leporino

palatoschisi, labbro leporino

Ex: Cleft palate can vary in severity , and treatment approaches are tailored accordingly .La **palatoschisi** può variare in gravità e gli approcci di trattamento sono adattati di conseguenza.
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congestion
[sostantivo]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestione

congestione

Ex: During allergy season , many people experience congestion due to increased pollen in the air .Durante la stagione delle allergie, molte persone soffrono di **congestione** a causa dell'aumento del polline nell'aria.
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a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

trombosi venosa profonda

trombosi venosa profonda

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delirium tremens
[sostantivo]

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

delirium tremens, delirio tremante

delirium tremens, delirio tremante

Ex: Excessive alcohol intake can lead to delirium tremens, a dangerous withdrawal syndrome .
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diabetes
[sostantivo]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabete

diabete

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a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

trombosi coronarica

trombosi coronarica

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anemia
[sostantivo]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in one's body is low

anemia

anemia

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exposure
[sostantivo]

a medical condition caused by being out in extreme weather conditions for very long without protection to the effects of harsh weather

esposizione

esposizione

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fever
[sostantivo]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

febbre

febbre

Ex: She developed a fever after being exposed to the virus .Ha sviluppato la **febbre** dopo essere stata esposta al virus.
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gallstone
[sostantivo]

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

calcolo biliare, pietra nella cistifellea

calcolo biliare, pietra nella cistifellea

Ex: Some individuals may have gallstones without experiencing noticeable symptoms .Alcuni individui possono avere **calcoli biliari** senza sperimentare sintomi evidenti.
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gangrene
[sostantivo]

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

cancrena

cancrena

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hemorrhoids
[sostantivo]

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

emorroidi

emorroidi

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heart failure
[sostantivo]

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insufficienza cardiaca

insufficienza cardiaca

Ex: Heart failure is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical management and follow-up .**L'insufficienza cardiaca** è una condizione cronica che richiede una gestione medica e un follow-up continui.
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heatstroke
[sostantivo]

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

calpo di calore

calpo di calore

Ex: Seeking shade and cooling down immediately can help treat heatstroke.Cercare ombra e rinfrescarsi immediatamente può aiutare a trattare il **colpo di calore**.
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hernia
[sostantivo]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

ernia

ernia

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bronchitis
[sostantivo]

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronchite

bronchite

Ex: After weeks of a persistent cough , the doctor diagnosed him with bronchitis.Dopo settimane di tosse persistente, il medico gli ha diagnosticato la **bronchite**.
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hyperglycaemia
[sostantivo]

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

iperglicemia, glicemia alta

iperglicemia, glicemia alta

Ex: Dietary modifications, including reducing sugar and carbohydrate intake, help control hyperglycemia.
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hypoglycaemia
[sostantivo]

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

ipoglicemia

ipoglicemia

Ex: Maintaining a consistent meal schedule helps prevent fluctuations that can lead to hypoglycemia.
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hypothermia
[sostantivo]

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

ipotermia, raffreddamento eccessivo

ipotermia, raffreddamento eccessivo

Ex: Emergency blankets are often used to prevent or treat hypothermia in outdoor survival situations .Le coperte di emergenza sono spesso utilizzate per prevenire o trattare **l'ipotermia** nelle situazioni di sopravvivenza all'aperto.
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hysteria
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

isteria

isteria

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immunodeficiency
[sostantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

immunodeficienza

immunodeficienza

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Immunodeficienza** può essere caratterizzata da una mancanza di componenti del sistema immunitario, come i linfociti T o gli anticorpi.
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insomnia
[sostantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insonnia

insonnia

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Nonostante si sentisse esausto, la sua **insonnia** gli ha reso impossibile ottenere un buon riposo notturno.
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malnutrition
[sostantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

denutrizione

denutrizione

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .Nonostante i progressi degli ultimi anni, la **malnutrizione** continua a rappresentare una sfida significativa, sottolineando la necessità di sforzi sostenuti e investimenti in programmi e politiche nutrizionali.
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migraine
[sostantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

emicrania

emicrania

Ex: She ’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods .Sta cercando di evitare i fattori scatenanti che potrebbero causare un'**emicrania**, come alcuni alimenti.
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narcolepsy
[sostantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolessia, malattia del sonno

narcolessia, malattia del sonno

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.La **narcolessia** viene spesso diagnosticata attraverso una combinazione di storia medica, studi sul sonno ed esami neurologici.
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necrosis
[sostantivo]

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

necrosi, morte cellulare necrotica

necrosi, morte cellulare necrotica

Ex: The autopsy revealed that the cause of death was necrosis of the liver due to acute alcohol poisoning .L'autopsia ha rivelato che la causa della morte era la **necrosi** del fegato dovuta a un'avvelenamento acuto da alcol.
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obesity
[sostantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesità

obesità

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Affrontare **l'obesità** richiede un approccio multifattoriale che includa la promozione di abitudini alimentari sane, attività fisica regolare e iniziative a livello comunitario.
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osteoporosis
[sostantivo]

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

osteoporosi

osteoporosi

Ex: Osteoporosis may lead to fractures in the hip , spine , and wrist with minimal trauma .**L'osteoporosi** può portare a fratture dell'anca, della colonna vertebrale e del polso con un trauma minimo.
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paraplegia
[sostantivo]

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplegia

paraplegia

Ex: She received physical therapy to manage her paraplegia and improve her mobility .Ha ricevuto terapia fisica per gestire la sua **paraplegia** e migliorare la sua mobilità.
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peptic ulcer
[sostantivo]

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

ulcera peptica, ulcera gastrica

ulcera peptica, ulcera gastrica

Ex: Lifestyle changes , such as quitting smoking and reducing stress , can help manage peptic ulcer symptoms .Cambiamenti nello stile di vita, come smettere di fumare e ridurre lo stress, possono aiutare a gestire i sintomi dell'**ulcera peptica**.
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inflammation
[sostantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

infiammazione

infiammazione

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sepsis
[sostantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsi

sepsi

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .
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slipped disc
[sostantivo]

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

disco scivolato

disco scivolato

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the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

sindrome della morte improvvisa del lattante, morte improvvisa del lattante

sindrome della morte improvvisa del lattante, morte improvvisa del lattante

Ex: Ongoing awareness campaigns educate parents on safe sleep practices to reduce the incidence of SIDS.Le campagne di sensibilizzazione in corso educano i genitori sulle pratiche di sonno sicuro per ridurre l'incidenza della **sindrome della morte improvvisa del lattante**.
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thrombosis
[sostantivo]

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

trombosi

trombosi

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a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

sindrome alcolica fetale

sindrome alcolica fetale

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laryngitis
[sostantivo]

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laringite

laringite

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snow-blindness
[sostantivo]

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

cecità da neve

cecità da neve

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breathlessness
[sostantivo]

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

affanno

affanno

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cataract
[sostantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

cataratta

cataratta

Ex: As a risk of aging , cataracts often develop slowly over many years causing vision to deteriorate .Come rischio dell'invecchiamento, le **cataratte** spesso si sviluppano lentamente nel corso di molti anni, causando un deterioramento della vista.
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toxemia
[sostantivo]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

tossiemia, preeclampsia

tossiemia, preeclampsia

Ex: Pregnant individuals with past toxemia receive extra attention in subsequent pregnancies .
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scurvy
[sostantivo]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

scorbuto, malattia causata da una grave carenza di vitamina C

scorbuto, malattia causata da una grave carenza di vitamina C

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emphysema
[sostantivo]

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

enfisema

enfisema

Ex: Shortness of breath during physical activity is a common symptom of emphysema.La mancanza di respiro durante l'attività fisica è un sintomo comune dell'**enfisema**.
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diarrhea
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

diarrea

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .La **diarrea** cronica può indicare condizioni di salute sottostanti e richiede una valutazione medica per una diagnosi e una gestione adeguate.
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atrophy
[sostantivo]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrofia, degenerazione

atrofia, degenerazione

Ex: Treatment for joint injuries focuses on preventing the atrophy of surrounding tissues .Il trattamento delle lesioni articolari si concentra sulla prevenzione dell'**atrofia** dei tessuti circostanti.
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heart attack
[sostantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

infarto

infarto

Ex: The sudden heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .L'improvviso **attacco di cuore** ha colto tutti di sorpresa, sottolineando l'imprevedibilità delle malattie cardiache.
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altitude sickness
[sostantivo]

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal di montagna

mal di montagna

Ex: Symptoms of altitude sickness usually improve with descent to lower elevations .I sintomi del **mal di montagna** di solito migliorano con la discesa a quote più basse.
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seasickness
[sostantivo]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mal di mare

mal di mare

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sunstroke
[sostantivo]

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolazione

insolazione

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stroke
[sostantivo]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

ictus

ictus

Ex: Common risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .I fattori di rischio comuni per l'**ictus** includono ipertensione, diabete, colesterolo alto, fumo e obesità.
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cardiac arrest
[sostantivo]

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

arresto cardiaco

arresto cardiaco

Ex: Underlying heart conditions , high blood pressure , and certain medications can contribute to the risk of cardiac arrest.Condizioni cardiache sottostanti, pressione alta e alcuni farmaci possono contribuire al rischio di **arresto cardiaco**.
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a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarto del miocardio, attacco di cuore

infarto del miocardio, attacco di cuore

Ex: Immediate medical attention is necessary if someone exhibits signs of a myocardial infarction, such as radiating chest pain and nausea .È necessaria un'attenzione medica immediata se qualcuno presenta segni di **infarto del miocardio**, come dolore toracico irradiato e nausea.
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infarction
[sostantivo]

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarto

infarto

Ex: Cerebral infarction results from a lack of blood flow to the brain , often causing a stroke .L'**infarto** cerebrale è causato da una mancanza di flusso sanguigno al cervello, spesso provocando un ictus.
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hemorrhage
[sostantivo]

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

emorragia

emorragia

Ex: The patient 's hemorrhage was caused by a medication side effect .L'**emorragia** del paziente è stata causata da un effetto collaterale di un farmaco.
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pulmonary embolism
[sostantivo]

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolia polmonare

embolia polmonare

Ex: Rapid breathing and a fast heart rate can indicate a pulmonary embolism.Una respirazione rapida e una frequenza cardiaca accelerata possono indicare un'**embolia polmonare**.
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embolism
[sostantivo]

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolia, occlusione vascolare

embolia, occlusione vascolare

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