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Health and Sickness - Medical Conditions

Here you will learn some English words related to medical conditions such as "allergy", "diabetes", and "insomnia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 
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allergy
allergy
[noun]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

Ex: Her peanut allergy is so severe that even a small amount can trigger a serious reaction. 
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alopecia
alopecia
[noun]

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

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amenorrhoea

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

Ex: Stress and extreme weight loss can contribute to the development of amenorrhea. 
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amnesia
amnesia
[noun]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

Ex: After the car accident she experienced temporary amnesia and could not remember the afternoon before the crash. 
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anaphylactic shock

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

Ex: Jane experienced anaphylactic shock after eating peanuts, to which she was severely allergic. 
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anaphylaxis

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

Ex: Mark's bee sting caused anaphylaxis with swelling and breathing difficulty. 
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aphasia
aphasia
[noun]

a neurological disorder affecting language comprehension or production

Ex: After the stroke, he developed aphasia and struggled to form sentences. 
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arteriosclerosis

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

Ex: Smoking and high cholesterol contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis. 
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brain death

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

Ex: The medical team confirmed brain death when no brain activity was detected on multiple tests. 
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catarrh
catarrh
[noun]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

Ex: She suffered from persistent catarrh, experiencing a constant runny nose and throat irritation. 
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cleft palate

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

Ex: Baby Emma was born with a cleft palate, requiring surgical correction. 
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congestion

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

Ex: Nasal congestion made it difficult for him to breathe comfortably, especially at night. 
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deep vein thrombosis

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

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delirium tremens

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

Ex: Delirium tremens can be life-threatening, requiring immediate medical attention. 
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diabetes
diabetes
[noun]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

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coronary thrombosis

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

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anemia
anemia
[noun]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells in one's body is low

Ex: The patient was diagnosed with anemia after blood tests. 
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exposure
exposure
[noun]

a medical condition caused by prolonged contact with extreme weather, such as heat or cold, without protection

Ex: Hikers suffered from cold exposure during the blizzard. 
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fever
fever
[noun]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

Ex: A fever is one of the common symptoms of the flu. 
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gallstone
gallstone
[noun]

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

Ex: Susan experienced intense pain due to a gallstone blocking a bile duct. 
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gangrene
gangrene
[noun]

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

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hemorrhoids

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

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heart failure

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

Ex: Mary was diagnosed with heart failure after experiencing persistent fatigue and difficulty breathing. 
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heatstroke

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

Ex: She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from heatstroke during the marathon. 
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hernia
hernia
[noun]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

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bronchitis

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

Ex: Smoking can increase the risk of developing chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems. 
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hyperglycaemia

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

Ex: Jane's persistent thirst and frequent urination were signs of hyperglycemia related to diabetes. 
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hypoglycaemia

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

Ex: Hypoglycemia symptoms may include confusion, sweating, and irritability. 
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hypothermia

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

Ex: After falling into icy water, Jack developed hypothermia, experiencing shivering and confusion. 
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hysteria
hysteria
[noun]

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

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immunodeficiency

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
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insomnia
insomnia
[noun]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

Ex: After several weeks of stress at work, she began to suffer from insomnia, making it difficult to concentrate during the day. 
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malnutrition

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

Ex: Malnutrition remains a pressing global health issue, particularly affecting children in developing countries. 
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migraine
migraine
[noun]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

Ex: She had to lie down in a dark room because of her migraine. 
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narcolepsy

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

Ex: Jane's narcolepsy caused her to unexpectedly fall asleep during daily activities, affecting her work. 
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necrosis
necrosis
[noun]

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

Ex: The doctor diagnosed necrosis in the patient's limbs, which had turned black and blue due to lack of blood flow. 
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obesity
obesity
[noun]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

Ex: Obesity rates have been steadily rising worldwide, becoming a major public health concern in many countries. 
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osteoporosis

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

Ex: Jane was diagnosed with osteoporosis after a bone density test revealed low bone mass. 
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paraplegia

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

Ex: The accident resulted in paraplegia, leaving him unable to walk. 
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peptic ulcer

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

Ex: John experienced abdominal pain and bloating, leading to the diagnosis of a peptic ulcer. 
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inflammation

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

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sepsis
sepsis
[noun]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

Ex: Tim was hospitalized with sepsis after an untreated infection spread throughout his body. 
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slipped disc

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

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sudden infant death syndrome

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

Ex: SIDS is a devastating event where an infant dies unexpectedly and without any apparent cause 
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thrombosis

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

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fetal alcohol syndrome

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

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laryngitis

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

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snow-blindness

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

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breathlessness

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

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cataract
cataract
[noun]

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

Ex: Dorothy's vision had become quite blurry as she developed advanced cataracts in both eyes. 
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toxemia
toxemia
[noun]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

Ex: Mary was diagnosed with toxemia during pregnancy. 
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scurvy
scurvy
[noun]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

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emphysema
emphysema
[noun]

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

Ex: Smoking is a major risk factor for developing emphysema, a condition that affects the lungs. 
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diarrhea
diarrhea
[noun]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

Ex: Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools occurring frequently throughout the day. 
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atrophy
atrophy
[noun]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

Ex: Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscle atrophy, causing weakness and loss of function. 
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heart attack

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

Ex: He felt a sharp pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack. 
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altitude sickness

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

Ex: Climbers ascending rapidly may experience altitude sickness due to the thin air at higher elevations. 
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seasickness

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

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sunstroke
sunstroke
[noun]

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

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stroke
stroke
[noun]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
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cardiac arrest

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

Ex: Common causes of cardiac arrest include heart attack, arrhythmias, and respiratory failure. 
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myocardial infarction

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

Ex: John experienced chest pain and shortness of breath, signaling a possible myocardial infarction. 
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infarction

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

Ex: Infarction can have severe consequences, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and early treatment. 
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hemorrhage

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

Ex: The doctor was able to stop the hemorrhage and save the patient's life. 
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pulmonary embolism

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

Ex: She was rushed to the hospital with a pulmonary embolism. 
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embolism
embolism
[noun]

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

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