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Saúde e Doença - Condições médicas

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas a condições médicas como "alergia", "diabetes" e "insônia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism
[substantivo]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoolismo, etilismo

alcoolismo, etilismo

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism.A pesquisa mostrou uma correlação entre o estresse e um aumento do risco de **alcoolismo**.
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allergy
[substantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Depois de entrar em contato com o gato, ela teve uma reação alérgica devido à sua **alergia** a animais de estimação.
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alopecia
[substantivo]

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopecia

alopecia

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amenorrhoea
[substantivo]

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

amenorreia

amenorreia

Ex: Hormonal imbalances, such as low estrogen levels, can contribute to the development of amenorrhea.Desequilíbrios hormonais, como baixos níveis de estrogênio, podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da **amenorreia**.
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amnesia
[substantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésia

amnésia

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anaphylactic shock
[substantivo]

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

choque anafilático, reação anafilática

choque anafilático, reação anafilática

Ex: Symptoms of anaphylactic shock may include hives , swelling , and a feeling of impending doom .Os sintomas do **choque anafilático** podem incluir urticária, inchaço e uma sensação de desgraça iminente.
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anaphylaxis
[substantivo]

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anafilaxia, reação anafilática

anafilaxia, reação anafilática

Ex: Michelle 's severe anaphylaxis resulted from exposure to pollen .A **anafilaxia** grave de Michelle resultou da exposição ao pólen.
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aphasia
[substantivo]

a language disorder resulting from brain damage or injury that impairs an individual's ability to understand, produce, and use language

afasia, transtorno de linguagem

afasia, transtorno de linguagem

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arteriosclerosis
[substantivo]

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

arteriosclerose

arteriosclerose

Ex: As arteriosclerosis advances , it can lead to complications such as heart attacks and strokes .À medida que a **arteriosclerose** avança, pode levar a complicações como ataques cardíacos e derrames.
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brain death
[substantivo]

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

morte cerebral, falecimento cerebral

morte cerebral, falecimento cerebral

Ex: The determination of brain death involves rigorous clinical and neurologic assessments .A determinação da **morte cerebral** envolve rigorosas avaliações clínicas e neurológicas.
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catarrh
[substantivo]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarro, resfriado

catarro, resfriado

Ex: During the winter months , many people experience catarrh due to the increased prevalence of respiratory infections .Durante os meses de inverno, muitas pessoas experimentam **catarro** devido ao aumento da prevalência de infecções respiratórias.
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cleft palate
[substantivo]

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

fenda palatina, lábio leporino

fenda palatina, lábio leporino

Ex: Cleft palate can vary in severity , and treatment approaches are tailored accordingly .A **fenda palatina** pode variar em gravidade, e as abordagens de tratamento são adaptadas de acordo.
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congestion
[substantivo]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestão, inchaço

congestão, inchaço

Ex: During allergy season , many people experience congestion due to increased pollen in the air .Durante a temporada de alergias, muitas pessoas experimentam **congestão** devido ao aumento do pólen no ar.
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a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

trombose venosa profunda, flebottomose

trombose venosa profunda, flebottomose

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delirium tremens
[substantivo]

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

delirium tremens, delírio trêmulo

delirium tremens, delírio trêmulo

Ex: Excessive alcohol intake can lead to delirium tremens, a dangerous withdrawal syndrome .
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diabetes
[substantivo]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes

diabetes

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coronary thrombosis
[substantivo]

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

trombose coronária, oclusão coronária

trombose coronária, oclusão coronária

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anemia
[substantivo]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in one's body is low

anemia

anemia

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exposure
[substantivo]

a medical condition caused by being out in extreme weather conditions for very long without protection to the effects of harsh weather

exposição, insolação

exposição, insolação

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fever
[substantivo]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

febre, temperatura

febre, temperatura

Ex: She developed a fever after being exposed to the virus .Ela desenvolveu **febre** após ser exposta ao vírus.
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gallstone
[substantivo]

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

cálculo biliar, pedra na vesícula

cálculo biliar, pedra na vesícula

Ex: Some individuals may have gallstones without experiencing noticeable symptoms .Algumas pessoas podem ter **pedras na vesícula** sem apresentar sintomas perceptíveis.
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gangrene
[substantivo]

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangrena, necrose

gangrena, necrose

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hemorrhoids
[substantivo]

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hemorroidas

hemorroidas

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heart failure
[substantivo]

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insuficiência cardíaca

insuficiência cardíaca

Ex: Heart failure is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical management and follow-up .**A insuficiência cardíaca** é uma condição crônica que requer gerenciamento médico e acompanhamento contínuos.
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heatstroke
[substantivo]

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

insolação, golpe de calor

insolação, golpe de calor

Ex: Seeking shade and cooling down immediately can help treat heatstroke.Procurar sombra e se refrescar imediatamente pode ajudar a tratar a **insolação**.
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hernia
[substantivo]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hérnia

hérnia

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bronchitis
[substantivo]

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronquite

bronquite

Ex: After weeks of a persistent cough , the doctor diagnosed him with bronchitis.Após semanas de tosse persistente, o médico o diagnosticou com **bronquite**.
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hyperglycaemia
[substantivo]

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hiperglicemia, glicemia alta

hiperglicemia, glicemia alta

Ex: Dietary modifications, including reducing sugar and carbohydrate intake, help control hyperglycemia.
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hypoglycaemia
[substantivo]

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hipoglicemia

hipoglicemia

Ex: Maintaining a consistent meal schedule helps prevent fluctuations that can lead to hypoglycemia.
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hypothermia
[substantivo]

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hipotermia, resfriamento excessivo

hipotermia, resfriamento excessivo

Ex: Emergency blankets are often used to prevent or treat hypothermia in outdoor survival situations .Os cobertores de emergência são frequentemente usados para prevenir ou tratar a **hipotermia** em situações de sobrevivência ao ar livre.
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hysteria
[substantivo]

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

histeria

histeria

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immunodeficiency
[substantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

imunodeficiência

imunodeficiência

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Imunodeficiência** pode ser caracterizada pela falta de componentes do sistema imunológico, como células T ou anticorpos.
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insomnia
[substantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insônia, transtorno do sono

insônia, transtorno do sono

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Apesar de se sentir exausto, sua **insônia** tornou impossível para ele ter uma boa noite de descanso.
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malnutrition
[substantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

desnutrição, subnutrição

desnutrição, subnutrição

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .Apesar do progresso nos últimos anos, a **desnutrição** continua a ser um desafio significativo, destacando a necessidade de esforços sustentados e investimento em programas e políticas de nutrição.
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migraine
[substantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

enxaqueca, dor de cabeça

enxaqueca, dor de cabeça

Ex: She ’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods .Ela está tentando evitar gatilhos que possam causar **enxaqueca**, como certos alimentos.
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narcolepsy
[substantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsia, doença do sono

narcolepsia, doença do sono

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.A **narcolepsia** é frequentemente diagnosticada através de uma combinação de histórico médico, estudos do sono e exames neurológicos.
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necrosis
[substantivo]

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

necrose, morte celular necrótica

necrose, morte celular necrótica

Ex: The autopsy revealed that the cause of death was necrosis of the liver due to acute alcohol poisoning .A autópsia revelou que a causa da morte foi **necrose** do fígado devido a intoxicação alcoólica aguda.
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obesity
[substantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidade, sobrepeso

obesidade, sobrepeso

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Abordar a **obesidade** requer uma abordagem multifacetada que inclui a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, atividade física regular e iniciativas comunitárias.
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osteoporosis
[substantivo]

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

osteoporose

osteoporose

Ex: Osteoporosis may lead to fractures in the hip , spine , and wrist with minimal trauma .A **osteoporose** pode levar a fraturas no quadril, coluna e punho com trauma mínimo.
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paraplegia
[substantivo]

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplegia

paraplegia

Ex: She received physical therapy to manage her paraplegia and improve her mobility .Ela recebeu fisioterapia para gerenciar sua **paraplegia** e melhorar sua mobilidade.
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peptic ulcer
[substantivo]

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

úlcera péptica, úlcera gástrica

úlcera péptica, úlcera gástrica

Ex: Lifestyle changes , such as quitting smoking and reducing stress , can help manage peptic ulcer symptoms .Mudanças no estilo de vida, como parar de fumar e reduzir o estresse, podem ajudar a gerenciar os sintomas da **úlcera péptica**.
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inflammation
[substantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamação

inflamação

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sepsis
[substantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepse

sepse

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .
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slipped disc
[substantivo]

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

hérnia de disco, disco deslizado

hérnia de disco, disco deslizado

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the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

síndrome da morte súbita do lactente, morte súbita do lactente

síndrome da morte súbita do lactente, morte súbita do lactente

Ex: Ongoing awareness campaigns educate parents on safe sleep practices to reduce the incidence of SIDS.Campanhas de conscientização em curso educam os pais sobre práticas seguras de sono para reduzir a incidência da **síndrome da morte súbita do lactente**.
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thrombosis
[substantivo]

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

trombose, coágulo de sangue

trombose, coágulo de sangue

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a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

síndrome alcoólica fetal, SAF

síndrome alcoólica fetal, SAF

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laryngitis
[substantivo]

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laringite, inflamação da laringe

laringite, inflamação da laringe

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snow-blindness
[substantivo]

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

cegueira da neve, oftalmia das neves

cegueira da neve, oftalmia das neves

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breathlessness
[substantivo]

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

falta de ar, dispneia

falta de ar, dispneia

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cataract
[substantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

catarata, opacidade do cristalino

catarata, opacidade do cristalino

Ex: As a risk of aging , cataracts often develop slowly over many years causing vision to deteriorate .Como um risco do envelhecimento, as **cataratas** frequentemente se desenvolvem lentamente ao longo de muitos anos, causando a deterioração da visão.
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toxemia
[substantivo]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

toxemia, pré-eclâmpsia

toxemia, pré-eclâmpsia

Ex: Pregnant individuals with past toxemia receive extra attention in subsequent pregnancies .
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scurvy
[substantivo]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

escorbuto, doença causada por uma grave deficiência de vitamina C

escorbuto, doença causada por uma grave deficiência de vitamina C

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emphysema
[substantivo]

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

enfisema

enfisema

Ex: Shortness of breath during physical activity is a common symptom of emphysema.Falta de ar durante a atividade física é um sintoma comum de **enfisema**.
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diarrhea
[substantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarreia, desarranjo

diarreia, desarranjo

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .A **diarreia** crônica pode indicar condições de saúde subjacentes e requer avaliação médica para diagnóstico e tratamento adequados.
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atrophy
[substantivo]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrofia, degeneração

atrofia, degeneração

Ex: Treatment for joint injuries focuses on preventing the atrophy of surrounding tissues .O tratamento para lesões articulares concentra-se em prevenir a **atrofia** dos tecidos circundantes.
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heart attack
[substantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

ataque cardíaco, infarto do miocárdio

ataque cardíaco, infarto do miocárdio

Ex: The sudden heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .O **ataque cardíaco** súbito pegou todos de surpresa, destacando a imprevisibilidade das doenças cardíacas.
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altitude sickness
[substantivo]

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal de altitude

mal de altitude

Ex: Symptoms of altitude sickness usually improve with descent to lower elevations .Os sintomas do **mal da altitude** geralmente melhoram com a descida para altitudes mais baixas.
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seasickness
[substantivo]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

enjoo do mar, náusea causada pelo balanço do barco

enjoo do mar, náusea causada pelo balanço do barco

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sunstroke
[substantivo]

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolação, golpe de calor

insolação, golpe de calor

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stroke
[substantivo]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

acidente vascular cerebral, AVC

acidente vascular cerebral, AVC

Ex: Common risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .Os fatores de risco comuns para **AVC** incluem pressão alta, diabetes, colesterol alto, tabagismo e obesidade.
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cardiac arrest
[substantivo]

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

parada cardíaca

parada cardíaca

Ex: Underlying heart conditions , high blood pressure , and certain medications can contribute to the risk of cardiac arrest.Condições cardíacas subjacentes, pressão alta e certos medicamentos podem contribuir para o risco de **parada cardíaca**.
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a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarto do miocárdio, ataque cardíaco

infarto do miocárdio, ataque cardíaco

Ex: Immediate medical attention is necessary if someone exhibits signs of a myocardial infarction, such as radiating chest pain and nausea .Atenção médica imediata é necessária se alguém apresentar sinais de **infarto do miocárdio**, como dor no peito irradiada e náuseas.
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infarction
[substantivo]

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarto

infarto

Ex: Cerebral infarction results from a lack of blood flow to the brain , often causing a stroke .O **infarto** cerebral resulta da falta de fluxo sanguíneo para o cérebro, frequentemente causando um derrame.
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hemorrhage
[substantivo]

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

hemorragia

hemorragia

Ex: The patient 's hemorrhage was caused by a medication side effect .A **hemorragia** do paciente foi causada por um efeito colateral de um medicamento.
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pulmonary embolism
[substantivo]

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolia pulmonar

embolia pulmonar

Ex: Rapid breathing and a fast heart rate can indicate a pulmonary embolism.Respiração rápida e frequência cardíaca acelerada podem indicar **embolia pulmonar**.
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embolism
[substantivo]

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolia, oclusão vascular

embolia, oclusão vascular

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