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Salud y Enfermedad - Condiciones Médicas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con condiciones médicas como "alergia", "diabetes" e "insomnio".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism
alcoholism
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoholismo

alcoholismo

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 

Alcoholismo puede afectar la carrera, las relaciones y el bienestar general de una persona.

allergy
allergy
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: The doctor advised her to avoid dairy products because of her lactose allergy. 

El médico le aconsejó que evitara los productos lácteos debido a su alergia a la lactosa.

alopecia
alopecia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopecia

alopecia

amenorrhoea
amenorrhoea
[Sustantivo]

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

amenorrea

amenorrea

Ex: Athletes may experience exercise-induced amenorrhea due to intense physical activity. 

Los atletas pueden experimentar amenorrea inducida por el ejercicio debido a la actividad física intensa.

amnesia
amnesia
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

amnesia

Ex: Cases of dissociative amnesia can follow extreme emotional trauma and sometimes resolve with psychotherapy. 

Los casos de amnesia disociativa pueden seguir a un trauma emocional extremo y a veces resolverse con psicoterapia.

anaphylactic shock
anaphylactic shock
[Sustantivo]

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

choque anafiláctico, shock anafiláctico

choque anafiláctico, shock anafiláctico

Ex: Common triggers for anaphylactic shock include certain foods, insect stings, and medications. 

Los desencadenantes comunes del shock anafiláctico incluyen ciertos alimentos, picaduras de insectos y medicamentos.

anaphylaxis
anaphylaxis
[Sustantivo]

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anafilaxia, reacción anafiláctica

anafilaxia, reacción anafiláctica

Ex: Javier's insect bite led to anaphylaxis, requiring emergency treatment. 

La picadura de insecto de Javier provocó anafilaxia, requiriendo tratamiento de emergencia.

aphasia
aphasia
[Sustantivo]

a neurological disorder affecting language comprehension or production

afasia, afasia

afasia, afasia

Ex: Doctors explained that his aphasia affected both speaking and understanding. 

Los médicos explicaron que su afasia afectaba tanto al habla como a la comprensión.

arteriosclerosis
arteriosclerosis
[Sustantivo]

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

arteriosclerosis

arteriosclerosis

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet play a crucial role in preventing arteriosclerosis. 

El ejercicio regular y una dieta saludable juegan un papel crucial en la prevención de la arteriosclerosis.

brain death
brain death
[Sustantivo]

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

muerte cerebral, fallecimiento cerebral

muerte cerebral, fallecimiento cerebral

Ex: Brain death is a legal and medical definition indicating the end of all brain functions. 

La muerte cerebral es una definición legal y médica que indica el fin de todas las funciones cerebrales.

catarrh
catarrh
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarro

catarro

Ex: To alleviate the symptoms of catarrh, he used a saline nasal spray and drank plenty of fluids. 

Para aliviar los síntomas del catarro, usó un spray nasal salino y bebió muchos líquidos.

cleft palate
cleft palate
[Sustantivo]

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

paladar hendido, fisura palatina

paladar hendido, fisura palatina

Ex: Cleft palate can impact feeding in infants, necessitating special care and techniques. 

El paladar hendido puede afectar la alimentación en los bebés, lo que requiere cuidados y técnicas especiales.

congestion
congestion
[Sustantivo]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestión, hinchazón

congestión, hinchazón

Ex: The cold symptoms included a sore throat, coughing, and severe congestion that persisted for over a week. 

Los síntomas del resfriado incluyeron dolor de garganta, tos y una congestión severa que persistió durante más de una semana.

deep vein thrombosis

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

trombosis venosa profunda

trombosis venosa profunda

delirium tremens
delirium tremens
[Sustantivo]

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

delirium tremens, delirium tremens

delirium tremens, delirium tremens

Ex: Delirium tremens typically occurs in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. 

El delirium tremens generalmente ocurre en personas con antecedentes de abuso crónico de alcohol.

diabetes
diabetes
[Sustantivo]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes

diabetes

coronary thrombosis

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

trombo

trombo

anemia
anemia
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells in one's body is low

anemia

anemia

Ex: Chronic anemia can lead to fatigue and weakness. 

La anemia crónica puede provocar fatiga y debilidad.

exposure
exposure
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition caused by prolonged contact with extreme weather, such as heat or cold, without protection

congelación

congelación

Ex: The patient was hospitalized for heat exposure. 

El paciente fue hospitalizado por exposición al calor.

fever
fever
[Sustantivo]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

fiebre

fiebre

Ex: The doctor said the fever should subside in a couple of days. 

El médico dijo que la fiebre debería disminuir en un par de días.

gallstone
gallstone
[Sustantivo]

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

cálculo biliar, piedra en la vesícula

cálculo biliar, piedra en la vesícula

Ex: A low-fat diet is recommended to reduce the risk of developing gallstones. 

Se recomienda una dieta baja en grasas para reducir el riesgo de desarrollar cálculos biliares.

gangrene
gangrene
[Sustantivo]

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangrena

gangrena

hemorrhoids
hemorrhoids
[Sustantivo]

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hemorroides

hemorroides

heart failure
heart failure
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insuficiencia cardíaca

insuficiencia cardíaca

Ex: Monitoring fluid intake and maintaining a low-sodium diet are key aspects of managing heart failure. 

Controlar la ingesta de líquidos y mantener una dieta baja en sodio son aspectos clave para manejar la insuficiencia cardíaca.

heatstroke
heatstroke
[Sustantivo]

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

insolación

insolación

Ex: It is important to stay hydrated to prevent heatstroke on hot days. 

Es importante mantenerse hidratado para prevenir el golpe de calor en los días calurosos.

hernia
hernia
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hernia

hernia

bronchitis
bronchitis
[Sustantivo]

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronquitis

bronquitis

Ex: After weeks of a persistent cough, the doctor diagnosed him with bronchitis. 

Después de semanas de tos persistente, el médico le diagnosticó bronquitis.

hyperglycaemia
hyperglycaemia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hiperglucemia, glucemia alta

hiperglucemia, glucemia alta

Ex: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential for individuals with hyperglycemia. 

La monitorización regular de los niveles de azúcar en la sangre es esencial para las personas con hiperglucemia.

hypoglycaemia
hypoglycaemia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hipoglucemia

hipoglucemia

Ex: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes. 

El monitoreo regular de los niveles de azúcar en la sangre es crucial para prevenir la hipoglucemia en personas con diabetes.

hypothermia
hypothermia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hipotermia, enfriamiento excesivo

hipotermia, enfriamiento excesivo

Ex: Homeless individuals are vulnerable to hypothermia during cold nights without proper shelter. 

Las personas sin hogar son vulnerables a la hipotermia durante las noches frías sin refugio adecuado.

hysteria
hysteria
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

histeria

histeria

immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[Sustantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

inmunodeficiencia

inmunodeficiencia

Ex: Sarah's recurrent infections indicated an immunodeficiency that required medical attention. 

Las infecciones recurrentes de Sarah indicaban una inmunodeficiencia que requería atención médica.

insomnia
insomnia
[Sustantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnio

insomnio

Ex: The doctor recommended a few relaxation techniques to help combat her insomnia and improve her sleep quality. 

El médico recomendó algunas técnicas de relajación para ayudar a combatir su insomnio y mejorar la calidad de su sueño.

malnutrition
malnutrition
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

desnutrición

desnutrición

Ex: Addressing malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach that includes access to nutritious food, clean water, healthcare, and education. 

Abordar la desnutrición requiere un enfoque integral que incluya acceso a alimentos nutritivos, agua limpia, atención médica y educación.

migraine
migraine
[Sustantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migraña, jaqueca

migraña, jaqueca

Ex: The bright lights triggered a migraine, so she decided to rest. 

Las luces brillantes desencadenaron una migraña, así que decidió descansar.

narcolepsy
narcolepsy
[Sustantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsia, enfermedad del sueño

narcolepsia, enfermedad del sueño

Ex: The use of medications, such as stimulants, is common in managing symptoms of narcolepsy. 

El uso de medicamentos, como los estimulantes, es común en el manejo de los síntomas de la narcolepsia.

necrosis
necrosis
[Sustantivo]

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

necrosis

necrosis

Ex: Traumatic injury, such as a car accident or a gunshot wound, can cause necrosis in the affected tissue. 

Una lesión traumática, como un accidente automovilístico o una herida de bala, puede causar necrosis en el tejido afectado.

obesity
obesity
[Sustantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidad

obesidad

Ex: Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. 

La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardíacas y ciertos tipos de cáncer.

osteoporosis
osteoporosis
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

osteoporosis

osteoporosis

Ex: Older adults, especially postmenopausal women, are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. 

Los adultos mayores, especialmente las mujeres posmenopáusicas, tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar osteoporosis.

paraplegia
paraplegia
[Sustantivo]

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplejía

paraplejía

Ex: His paraplegia was diagnosed after a spinal cord injury from a fall. 

Su paraplejía fue diagnosticada después de una lesión en la médula espinal por una caída.

peptic ulcer
peptic ulcer
[Sustantivo]

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

úlcera péptica, úlcera gástrica

úlcera péptica, úlcera gástrica

Ex: Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers. 

El uso prolongado de medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) puede contribuir al desarrollo de úlceras pépticas.

inflammation
inflammation
[Sustantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

inflamación

sepsis
sepsis
[Sustantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Sepsis symptoms include fever, rapid heart rate, and altered mental status. 

Los síntomas del sepsis incluyen fiebre, frecuencia cardíaca rápida y estado mental alterado.

slipped disc
slipped disc
[Sustantivo]

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

hernia de disco

hernia de disco

sudden infant death syndrome

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante, muerte súbita del lactante

síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante, muerte súbita del lactante

Ex: SIDS typically occurs during sleep, and the baby is often discovered lifeless with no signs of distress. 

El síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante generalmente ocurre durante el sueño, y a menudo se descubre al bebé sin vida y sin signos de angustia.

thrombosis
thrombosis
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

trombosis

trombosis

fetal alcohol syndrome

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

síndrome alcohólico fetal

síndrome alcohólico fetal

laryngitis
laryngitis
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laringitis

laringitis

snow-blindness
snow-blindness
[Sustantivo]

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

ceguera de nieve

ceguera de nieve

breathlessness
breathlessness
[Sustantivo]

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

falta de aliento

falta de aliento

cataract
cataract
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

catarata

catarata

Ex: As a risk of aging, cataracts often develop slowly over many years causing vision to deteriorate. 

Como un riesgo del envejecimiento, las cataratas a menudo se desarrollan lentamente durante muchos años, causando que la visión se deteriore.

toxemia
toxemia
[Sustantivo]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

toxemia, preeclampsia

toxemia, preeclampsia

Ex: Severe toxemia may need hospitalization for close medical supervision. 

La toxemia grave puede requerir hospitalización para una supervisión médica estrecha.

scurvy
scurvy
[Sustantivo]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

escorbuto

escorbuto

emphysema
emphysema
[Sustantivo]

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

enfisema

enfisema

Ex: In advanced stages of emphysema, individuals may require supplemental oxygen for breathing. 

En las etapas avanzadas del enfisema, las personas pueden requerir oxígeno suplementario para respirar.

diarrhea
diarrhea
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

diarrea

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 

La diarrea crónica puede indicar afecciones subyacentes como el síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) o la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).

atrophy
atrophy
[Sustantivo]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrofia, degeneración

atrofia, degeneración

Ex: In certain medical conditions, such as malnutrition, organ atrophy may occur. 

En ciertas condiciones médicas, como la desnutrición, puede ocurrir atrofia de los órganos.

heart attack
heart attack
[Sustantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

ataque al corazón, infarto

ataque al corazón, infarto

Ex: After his heart attack, he made significant lifestyle changes to improve his health. 

Después de su ataque al corazón, hizo cambios significativos en su estilo de vida para mejorar su salud.

altitude sickness
altitude sickness
[Sustantivo]

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal de altura

mal de altura

Ex: Awareness of altitude sickness risks and preparation are essential for those traveling to mountainous regions. 

La conciencia de los riesgos del mal de altura y la preparación son esenciales para quienes viajan a regiones montañosas.

seasickness
seasickness
[Sustantivo]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mareo

mareo

sunstroke
sunstroke
[Sustantivo]

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolación

insolación

stroke
stroke
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

Ex: Immediate medical attention is crucial for stroke treatment to minimize brain damage and potential long-term disabilities. 

La atención médica inmediata es crucial para el tratamiento del accidente cerebrovascular para minimizar el daño cerebral y las posibles discapacidades a largo plazo.

cardiac arrest
cardiac arrest
[Sustantivo]

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

paro cardíaco

paro cardíaco

Ex: Bystanders trained in CPR play a critical role in sustaining life until professional medical help arrives. 

Los espectadores capacitados en RCP desempeñan un papel crítico en el mantenimiento de la vida hasta que llegue la ayuda médica profesional.

myocardial infarction

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarto de miocardio, ataque al corazón

infarto de miocardio, ataque al corazón

Ex: Lifestyle changes, including a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise, can help prevent myocardial infarctions. 

Los cambios en el estilo de vida, incluyendo una dieta saludable para el corazón y ejercicio regular, pueden ayudar a prevenir los infartos de miocardio.

infarction
infarction
[Sustantivo]

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarto

infarto

Ex: The doctor diagnosed pulmonary infarction based on imaging showing restricted blood flow to the lungs. 

El médico diagnosticó infarto pulmonar basándose en imágenes que mostraban un flujo sanguíneo restringido a los pulmones.

hemorrhage
hemorrhage
[Sustantivo]

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

hemorragia

hemorragia

Ex: The doctor was able to stop the hemorrhage and save the patient's life. 

El médico pudo detener la hemorragia y salvar la vida del paciente.

pulmonary embolism
pulmonary embolism
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolia pulmonar

embolia pulmonar

Ex: A pulmonary embolism can cause sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. 

Una embolia pulmonar puede causar dolor repentino en el pecho y dificultad para respirar.

embolism
embolism
[Sustantivo]

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolia

embolia

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