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Salud y Enfermedad - Condiciones médicas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con condiciones médicas como "alergia", "diabetes" e "insomnio".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoholismo

alcoholismo

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism.La investigación ha mostrado una correlación entre el estrés y un mayor riesgo de **alcoholismo**.
allergy
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Después de entrar en contacto con el gato, experimentó una reacción alérgica debido a su **alergia** a las mascotas.
alopecia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopecia

alopecia

amenorrhoea
[Sustantivo]

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

amenorrea

amenorrea

Ex: Hormonal imbalances, such as low estrogen levels, can contribute to the development of amenorrhea.Los desequilibrios hormonales, como los niveles bajos de estrógeno, pueden contribuir al desarrollo de la **amenorrea**.
amnesia
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

amnesia

anaphylactic shock
[Sustantivo]

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

choque anafiláctico, shock anafiláctico

choque anafiláctico, shock anafiláctico

Ex: Symptoms of anaphylactic shock may include hives , swelling , and a feeling of impending doom .Los síntomas del **shock anafiláctico** pueden incluir urticaria, hinchazón y una sensación de fatalidad inminente.
anaphylaxis
[Sustantivo]

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anafilaxia, reacción anafiláctica

anafilaxia, reacción anafiláctica

Ex: Michelle 's severe anaphylaxis resulted from exposure to pollen .La **anafilaxia** severa de Michelle fue resultado de la exposición al polen.
aphasia
[Sustantivo]

a language disorder resulting from brain damage or injury that impairs an individual's ability to understand, produce, and use language

afasia, trastorno del lenguaje

afasia, trastorno del lenguaje

arteriosclerosis
[Sustantivo]

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

arteriosclerosis

arteriosclerosis

Ex: As arteriosclerosis advances , it can lead to complications such as heart attacks and strokes .A medida que avanza la **arteriosclerosis**, puede provocar complicaciones como ataques cardíacos y accidentes cerebrovasculares.
brain death
[Sustantivo]

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

muerte cerebral, fallecimiento cerebral

muerte cerebral, fallecimiento cerebral

Ex: The determination of brain death involves rigorous clinical and neurologic assessments .La determinación de la **muerte cerebral** implica evaluaciones clínicas y neurológicas rigurosas.
catarrh
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarro

catarro

Ex: During the winter months , many people experience catarrh due to the increased prevalence of respiratory infections .Durante los meses de invierno, muchas personas experimentan **catarro** debido a la mayor prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias.
cleft palate
[Sustantivo]

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

paladar hendido, fisura palatina

paladar hendido, fisura palatina

Ex: Cleft palate can vary in severity , and treatment approaches are tailored accordingly .El **paladar hendido** puede variar en severidad, y los enfoques de tratamiento se adaptan en consecuencia.
congestion
[Sustantivo]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestión, hinchazón

congestión, hinchazón

Ex: During allergy season , many people experience congestion due to increased pollen in the air .Durante la temporada de alergias, muchas personas experimentan **congestión** debido al aumento del polen en el aire.

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

trombosis venosa profunda

trombosis venosa profunda

delirium tremens
[Sustantivo]

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

delirium tremens, delirium tremens

delirium tremens, delirium tremens

Ex: Excessive alcohol intake can lead to delirium tremens, a dangerous withdrawal syndrome .
diabetes
[Sustantivo]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes

diabetes

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

trombo

trombo

anemia
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in one's body is low

anemia

anemia

exposure
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition caused by being out in extreme weather conditions for very long without protection to the effects of harsh weather

congelación

congelación

fever
[Sustantivo]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

fiebre

fiebre

Ex: She developed a fever after being exposed to the virus .Ella desarrolló **fiebre** después de estar expuesta al virus.
gallstone
[Sustantivo]

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

cálculo biliar, piedra en la vesícula

cálculo biliar, piedra en la vesícula

Ex: Some individuals may have gallstones without experiencing noticeable symptoms .Algunas personas pueden tener **cálculos biliares** sin experimentar síntomas notables.
gangrene
[Sustantivo]

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangrena

gangrena

hemorrhoids
[Sustantivo]

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hemorroides

hemorroides

heart failure
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insuficiencia cardíaca

insuficiencia cardíaca

Ex: Heart failure is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical management and follow-up .**La insuficiencia cardíaca** es una afección crónica que requiere manejo médico y seguimiento continuo.
heatstroke
[Sustantivo]

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

insolación

insolación

Ex: Seeking shade and cooling down immediately can help treat heatstroke.Buscar sombra y refrescarse inmediatamente puede ayudar a tratar el **golpe de calor**.
hernia
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hernia

hernia

bronchitis
[Sustantivo]

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronquitis

bronquitis

Ex: After weeks of a persistent cough , the doctor diagnosed him with bronchitis.Después de semanas de tos persistente, el médico lo diagnosticó con **bronquitis**.
hyperglycaemia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hiperglucemia, glucemia alta

hiperglucemia, glucemia alta

Ex: Dietary modifications, including reducing sugar and carbohydrate intake, help control hyperglycemia.
hypoglycaemia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hipoglucemia

hipoglucemia

Ex: Maintaining a consistent meal schedule helps prevent fluctuations that can lead to hypoglycemia.
hypothermia
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hipotermia, enfriamiento excesivo

hipotermia, enfriamiento excesivo

Ex: Emergency blankets are often used to prevent or treat hypothermia in outdoor survival situations .Las mantas de emergencia se utilizan a menudo para prevenir o tratar la **hipotermia** en situaciones de supervivencia al aire libre.
hysteria
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

histeria

histeria

immunodeficiency
[Sustantivo]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

inmunodeficiencia

inmunodeficiencia

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Inmunodeficiencia** puede caracterizarse por una falta de componentes del sistema inmunológico, como células T o anticuerpos.
insomnia
[Sustantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnio

insomnio

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .A pesar de sentirse exhausto, su **insomnio** le hizo imposible tener un buen descanso nocturno.
malnutrition
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

desnutrición

desnutrición

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .A pesar del progreso en los últimos años, la **desnutrición** sigue siendo un desafío significativo, destacando la necesidad de esfuerzos sostenidos e inversión en programas y políticas de nutrición.
migraine
[Sustantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migraña, jaqueca

migraña, jaqueca

Ex: She ’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods .Ella está tratando de evitar los desencadenantes que podrían causar una **migraña**, como ciertos alimentos.
narcolepsy
[Sustantivo]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsia, enfermedad del sueño

narcolepsia, enfermedad del sueño

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.La **narcolepsia** a menudo se diagnostica mediante una combinación de historial médico, estudios del sueño y exámenes neurológicos.
necrosis
[Sustantivo]

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

necrosis

necrosis

Ex: The autopsy revealed that the cause of death was necrosis of the liver due to acute alcohol poisoning .La autopsia reveló que la causa de la muerte fue **necrosis** del hígado debido a una intoxicación aguda por alcohol.
obesity
[Sustantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidad

obesidad

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Abordar **la obesidad** requiere un enfoque multifacético que incluye promover hábitos alimenticios saludables, actividad física regular e iniciativas comunitarias.
osteoporosis
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

osteoporosis

osteoporosis

Ex: Osteoporosis may lead to fractures in the hip , spine , and wrist with minimal trauma .La **osteoporosis** puede provocar fracturas en la cadera, la columna vertebral y la muñeca con un trauma mínimo.
paraplegia
[Sustantivo]

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplejía

paraplejía

Ex: She received physical therapy to manage her paraplegia and improve her mobility .Ella recibió terapia física para manejar su **paraplejia** y mejorar su movilidad.
peptic ulcer
[Sustantivo]

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

úlcera péptica, úlcera gástrica

úlcera péptica, úlcera gástrica

Ex: Lifestyle changes , such as quitting smoking and reducing stress , can help manage peptic ulcer symptoms .Los cambios en el estilo de vida, como dejar de fumar y reducir el estrés, pueden ayudar a manejar los síntomas de la **úlcera péptica**.
inflammation
[Sustantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

inflamación

sepsis
[Sustantivo]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .
slipped disc
[Sustantivo]

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

hernia de disco

hernia de disco

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante, muerte súbita del lactante

síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante, muerte súbita del lactante

Ex: Ongoing awareness campaigns educate parents on safe sleep practices to reduce the incidence of SIDS.Las campañas de concientización en curso educan a los padres sobre prácticas de sueño seguro para reducir la incidencia del **síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante**.
thrombosis
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

trombosis

trombosis

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

síndrome alcohólico fetal

síndrome alcohólico fetal

laryngitis
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laringitis

laringitis

snow-blindness
[Sustantivo]

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

ceguera de nieve

ceguera de nieve

breathlessness
[Sustantivo]

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

falta de aliento

falta de aliento

cataract
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

catarata

catarata

Ex: As a risk of aging , cataracts often develop slowly over many years causing vision to deteriorate .Como un riesgo del envejecimiento, las **cataratas** a menudo se desarrollan lentamente durante muchos años, causando que la visión se deteriore.
toxemia
[Sustantivo]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

toxemia, preeclampsia

toxemia, preeclampsia

Ex: Pregnant individuals with past toxemia receive extra attention in subsequent pregnancies .
scurvy
[Sustantivo]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

escorbuto

escorbuto

emphysema
[Sustantivo]

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

enfisema

enfisema

Ex: Shortness of breath during physical activity is a common symptom of emphysema.La falta de aire durante la actividad física es un síntoma común del **enfisema**.
diarrhea
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

diarrea

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .La **diarrea** crónica puede indicar condiciones de salud subyacentes y requiere evaluación médica para un diagnóstico y manejo adecuados.
atrophy
[Sustantivo]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrofia, degeneración

atrofia, degeneración

Ex: Treatment for joint injuries focuses on preventing the atrophy of surrounding tissues .El tratamiento de las lesiones articulares se centra en prevenir la **atrofia** de los tejidos circundantes.
heart attack
[Sustantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

ataque al corazón, infarto

ataque al corazón, infarto

Ex: The sudden heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .El **ataque al corazón** repentino tomó a todos por sorpresa, destacando la imprevisibilidad de las enfermedades cardíacas.
altitude sickness
[Sustantivo]

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal de altura

mal de altura

Ex: Symptoms of altitude sickness usually improve with descent to lower elevations .Los síntomas del **mal de altura** suelen mejorar con el descenso a elevaciones más bajas.
seasickness
[Sustantivo]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mareo

mareo

sunstroke
[Sustantivo]

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolación

insolación

stroke
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

Ex: Common risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .Los factores de riesgo comunes para el **accidente cerebrovascular** incluyen presión arterial alta, diabetes, colesterol alto, tabaquismo y obesidad.
cardiac arrest
[Sustantivo]

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

paro cardíaco

paro cardíaco

Ex: Underlying heart conditions , high blood pressure , and certain medications can contribute to the risk of cardiac arrest.Las afecciones cardíacas subyacentes, la presión arterial alta y ciertos medicamentos pueden contribuir al riesgo de **paro cardíaco**.

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarto de miocardio, ataque al corazón

infarto de miocardio, ataque al corazón

Ex: Immediate medical attention is necessary if someone exhibits signs of a myocardial infarction, such as radiating chest pain and nausea .Se necesita atención médica inmediata si alguien presenta signos de un **infarto de miocardio**, como dolor en el pecho que se irradia y náuseas.
infarction
[Sustantivo]

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarto

infarto

Ex: Cerebral infarction results from a lack of blood flow to the brain , often causing a stroke .El **infarto** cerebral resulta de una falta de flujo sanguíneo al cerebro, a menudo causando un derrame cerebral.
hemorrhage
[Sustantivo]

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

hemorragia

hemorragia

Ex: The patient 's hemorrhage was caused by a medication side effect .La **hemorragia** del paciente fue causada por un efecto secundario de un medicamento.
pulmonary embolism
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolia pulmonar

embolia pulmonar

Ex: Rapid breathing and a fast heart rate can indicate a pulmonary embolism.La respiración rápida y una frecuencia cardíaca acelerada pueden indicar una **embolia pulmonar**.
embolism
[Sustantivo]

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolia

embolia

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