SAT Natural Sciences - Medical Sciences

Here you will learn some English words related to the medical sciences, such as "embryo", "preventative", "autopsy", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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pharmacologist [noun]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

Ex: Researchers collaborate with pharmacologists to design clinical trials that assess drug efficacy in human subjects .

radiologist [noun]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

pathologist [noun]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

Ex: If you have a biopsy or blood test , a pathologist analyzes the samples for health insights .

pediatrician [noun]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

Ex: They consulted a pediatrician to address their concerns about their teenager ’s growth and development .

psychologist [noun]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

Ex: Psychologists often use standardized tests to assess cognitive abilities and personality traits .

veterinarian [noun]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

Ex: The veterinarian performed surgery on the cat to remove a tumor .

dysfunction [noun]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

Ex: Dysfunction in the cardiovascular system may result in conditions such as arrhythmias or heart failure .

to diagnose [verb]

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

Ex: Veterinarians use their expertise to diagnose illnesses in animals .

to administer [verb]

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

Ex: The paramedics arrived promptly and administered an injection to stabilize the injured man .

therapeutic [adjective]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

Ex: Therapeutic interventions aim to improve mental health .

restorative [noun]

treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body

Ex:

invasive [adjective]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

preventative [adjective]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

Ex: Many people take vitamin C as a preventative step to boost their immune system .

inoculation [noun]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

side effect [noun]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

Ex: After taking the antibiotic , he experienced a mild side effect in the form of an upset stomach , prompting him to call his healthcare provider for advice .

immunodeficiency [noun]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

Ex: Sarah 's recurrent infections indicated an immunodeficiency that required medical attention .

immune response [noun]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

Ex: Researchers are studying how different diets can influence the immune response to infections .

phagotherapy [noun]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

placebo [noun]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

Ex: Some patients reported feeling better after taking the placebo , highlighting the power of the mind in healing .

infective [adjective]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

Ex: Symptoms of an infective disease often include fever , chills , and fatigue .

pathogen [noun]

any organism that can cause diseases

Ex: The researchers identified a new viral pathogen that was causing the outbreak of respiratory illness in the community .

homeostasis [noun]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

Ex: Breathing rate adjusts to maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body , demonstrating respiratory homeostasis .

psychiatric [adjective]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

Ex: The hospital offers psychiatric services for patients with mental health issues .

prenatal [adjective]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

Ex: Proper prenatal care contributes to the overall well-being of both mother and baby .

embryo [noun]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

Ex: Researchers study embryos to better understand the early stages of human development and congenital disorders .

developmental [adjective]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

Ex:

lymphoid [adjective]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

Ex:

lesion [noun]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

Ex: Lesions caused by burns can take weeks to heal .

fibrosis [noun]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

Ex: Early detection of fibrosis is crucial for effective treatment and management .

to implant [verb]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

Ex: The doctor recommended implanting a stent to improve blood flow through the narrowed artery .

autopsy [noun]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

Ex: My family agreed to an autopsy to understand the cause of our loved one 's sudden death .

pharmaceutical [noun]

a medicinal drug, especially one manufactured or dispensed for use in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease

Ex: Research into new pharmaceuticals aims to reduce side effects while improving efficacy .

systolic [adjective]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

Ex:

antiseptic [noun]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

Ex:

ascorbic acid [noun]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

Ex: Bell peppers are a colorful source of ascorbic acid .

digestive system [noun]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

Ex: Waste products are then processed in the digestive system , eventually eliminated through the large intestine .

respiratory [adjective]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

Ex: Cigarette smoke can cause respiratory problems and increase the risk of lung cancer and other diseases .

probiotic [noun]

a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system

Ex: Probiotics can help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the intestines .

to sanitize [verb]

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

Ex: During flu season , it 's a good idea to sanitize frequently-touched surfaces like doorknobs and light switches .

gestational [adjective]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

Ex: She experienced gestational hypertension during her third trimester .

sputum [noun]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

Ex: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by the production of excessive sputum .

phlegm [noun]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

Ex: Smoking can exacerbate phlegm production and lead to chronic bronchitis and respiratory problems .

positron emission tomography [noun]

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

Ex:

respiration [noun]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

Ex: Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the bloodstream during the process of respiration .

tonic [noun]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

menopause [noun]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

Ex: The doctor discussed the implications of early menopause due to surgical intervention .

body mass index [noun]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

Ex: A high body mass index may indicate an increased likelihood of obesity-related health issues .

rapid eye movement [noun]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

Ex:

SAT Natural Sciences
Physics	Electromagnetism and Mechanics	Chemistry	Chemical Substances and Properties
Biology	Biochemistry and Cell Structure	Medical Sciences	Neurology and Blood Biochemistry
Anatomy and Genetics	Disease and Pathology	Zoology	Animal Life and Evolution
Agriculture and Forestry	Botany and Gardening	Geology	Geography and Oceanography
Astronomy and Aerospace Science	Physical World	Everyday Objects	Technical Objects
Physical Features	Appearance and Texture	Sound and Size	Natural World
Land and Water	Movement	Human Movement	Placement
Restriction	Mental Capacities and Failures	Vision and Precision