Vocabolario Essenziale per il TOEFL - Disturbi mentali

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

disordine

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

ansia

relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being

mentale

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depressione

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mania

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demenza

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismo

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

iperattività

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

ADHD

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

DOC

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

PTSD

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

attacco di panico

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoia

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranoia

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

disturbo di personalità

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

psicopatico

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

sociopatico

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenia

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

psicotico

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

disturbo borderline di personalità

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

disturbo bipolare

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

disturbo dissociativo dell'identità

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insonnia

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomania

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

autolesionismo

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

instabilità

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

complesso

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

suicida

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

masochista

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

sadico