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TOEFL için Gerekli Kelime Bilgisi - Zihinsel Bozukluklar

Burada, TOEFL sınavı için gerekli olan "anksiyete", "mani", "TSSB" gibi bazı zihinsel bozukluklarla ilgili İngilizce kelimeler öğreneceksiniz.

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Öğrenmeye başla
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disorder
disorder
[isim]

an illness or condition that disrupts normal physical or mental functioning

bozukluk

bozukluk

Ex: Some digestive disorders can be managed through changes in diet. 
anxiety
anxiety
[isim]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

anksiyete, endişe

anksiyete, endişe

Ex: She was diagnosed with an anxiety disorder in her early twenties. 
mental
mental
[sıfat]

relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being

mental

mental

Ex: Mental clarity is essential for making important decisions under pressure. 

Zihinsel berraklık, baskı altında önemli kararlar almak için esastır.

depression

a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and reduced energy or motivation

depresyon

depresyon

Ex: Treatment helped her manage her depression and return to work. 
mania
mania
[isim]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mani, delilik

mani, delilik

dementia
dementia
[isim]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

bunama

bunama

Ex: As dementia progressed, her ability to speak clearly diminished. 

Demans ilerledikçe, net konuşma yeteneği azaldı.

autism
autism
[isim]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

otizm

otizm

hyperactivity

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

aşırı hareketlilik

aşırı hareketlilik

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

DEHB, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu

DEHB, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

OKB

OKB

Ex: Living with obsessive-compulsive disorder can be challenging, as the condition often interferes with daily activities, work, and relationships. 

Obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk ile yaşamak zor olabilir, çünkü bu durum genellikle günlük aktiviteler, iş ve ilişkilere müdahale eder.

post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

travma sonrası stres bozukluğu

travma sonrası stres bozukluğu

Ex: People with post-traumatic stress disorder may avoid places, people, or activities that remind them of the traumatic event, leading to social isolation and difficulties in daily functioning. 

Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu olan kişiler, travmatik olayı hatırlatan yerlerden, kişilerden veya aktivitelerden kaçınabilir, bu da sosyal izolasyona ve günlük işlevlerde zorluklara yol açabilir.

panic attack

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

panik atak

panik atak

paranoia
paranoia
[isim]

an unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you

paranoya

paranoya

Ex: The constant pressure led to paranoia about losing his job. 

Sürekli baskı, işini kaybetme konusunda bir paranoyaya yol açtı.

paranoid
paranoid
[sıfat]

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranoyak

paranoyak

personality disorder

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

kişilik bozukluğu

kişilik bozukluğu

psychopath

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

psikopat

psikopat

sociopath
sociopath
[isim]

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

antisosyal

antisosyal

schizophrenia

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

şizofreni

şizofreni

psychotic
psychotic
[sıfat]

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

psikotik

psikotik

Ex: Medication is often prescribed to manage psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations. 

Halüsinasyonlar gibi psikotik semptomları yönetmek için genellikle ilaç reçete edilir.

borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

sınır kişilik bozukluğu

sınır kişilik bozukluğu

Ex: People with borderline personality disorder may engage in impulsive behaviors, such as reckless spending, substance abuse, or self-harm, as a way to cope with emotional distress. 

Sınırda kişilik bozukluğu olan kişiler, duygusal sıkıntıyla başa çıkmak için düşüncesiz harcamalar, madde bağımlılığı veya kendine zarar verme gibi dürtüsel davranışlarda bulunabilirler.

bipolar disorder

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

iki uçlu duygudurum bozukluğu

iki uçlu duygudurum bozukluğu

Ex: People with bipolar disorder may also benefit from lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding drugs and alcohol, to help stabilize mood. 

Bipolar bozukluğu olan kişiler, ruh halini dengelemeye yardımcı olmak için düzenli bir uyku programı sürdürmek, düzenli egzersiz yapmak ve uyuşturucu ile alkolden kaçınmak gibi yaşam tarzı değişikliklerinden de faydalanabilir.

dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

çoklu kişilik bozukluğu

çoklu kişilik bozukluğu

Ex: Treatment for dissociative identity disorder typically involves psychotherapy, including trauma-focused therapy and techniques to integrate the different identity states. 

Dissosiyatif kimlik bozukluğu tedavisi genellikle travma odaklı terapi ve farklı kimlik durumlarını bütünleştirmek için teknikler içeren psikoterapiyi içerir.

insomnia
insomnia
[isim]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

uyuyamazlık

uyuyamazlık

Ex: Many people with insomnia find that limiting screen time before bed can significantly improve their ability to fall asleep. 

Uykusuzluk çeken birçok insan, yatmadan önce ekran süresini sınırlamanın uykuya dalma yeteneklerini önemli ölçüde artırabileceğini fark eder.

amnesia
amnesia
[isim]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnezi

amnezi

Ex: Heavy alcohol use led to an episode of blackout amnesia during which he remembered nothing of the evening. 

Ağır alkol kullanımı, akşamdan hiçbir şey hatırlamadığı bir baygınlık amnezi bölümüne yol açtı.

egomania
egomania
[isim]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

kendiyle aşırı ilgilenme

kendiyle aşırı ilgilenme

trauma
trauma
[isim]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

travma

travma

Ex: The therapist provided techniques to manage the trauma-related anxiety and nightmares. 

Terapist, travma ile ilişkili kaygı ve kabusları yönetmek için teknikler sağladı.

self-harm
self-harm
[isim]

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

kendini yaralama

kendini yaralama

instability

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

kararsızlık

kararsızlık

complex
complex
[isim]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

kuruntu

kuruntu

Ex: The complex surrounding his childhood trauma affected his adult relationships. 
suicidal
suicidal
[sıfat]

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

intihara yol açan

intihara yol açan

masochistic
masochistic
[sıfat]

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

mazoşist, acı ve eziyetten hoşlanan

mazoşist, acı ve eziyetten hoşlanan

sadistic
sadistic
[sıfat]

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

sadist

sadist

Ex: The sadistic guard at the prison subjected inmates to cruel and unusual punishments. 

Hapishanedeki sadist gardiyan, mahkumlara acımasız ve olağandışı cezalar veriyordu.

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