Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL - Problemas mentais

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

desordem

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

ansiedade

relating to the health or state of the mind

relacionado à mente

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depressão

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mania

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demência

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismo

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hiperatividade

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

transtorno de estresse pós-traumático

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

ataque de pânico

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranóia

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranóico

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

transtorno de personalidade

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

psicopata

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

sóciopata

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

esquizofrenia

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

psicótico

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

transtorno de personalidade limítrofe

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

transtorno bipolar

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

transtorno dissociativo de identidade

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insônia

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésia

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomania

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

Choque psicológico

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

auto-mutilação

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

instabilidade

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

complexo

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

suicida

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

masoquísta

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

sádico