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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Mga Karamdaman sa Isip

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa mga karamdaman sa isip, tulad ng "anxiety", "mania", "PTSD", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disorder
[Pangngalan]

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

kaguluhan, sakit

kaguluhan, sakit

anxiety
[Pangngalan]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

pagkabalisa, sakit sa pagkabalisa

pagkabalisa, sakit sa pagkabalisa

Ex: Physical symptoms of anxiety include rapid heartbeat and sweating .Ang mga pisikal na sintomas ng **anxiety** ay kinabibilangan ng mabilis na tibok ng puso at pagpapawis.
mental
[pang-uri]

relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being

pang-isip, sikolohikal

pang-isip, sikolohikal

Ex: He took a mental health day off work to rest and recharge.Kumuha siya ng araw ng **kalusugang pangkaisipan** para magpahinga at mag-recharge.
depression
[Pangngalan]

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depresyon, kalungkutan

depresyon, kalungkutan

Ex: He spoke openly about his struggles with depression, hoping to help others .Hayag niyang pinag-usapan ang kanyang pakikibaka sa **depression**, na umaasang makatulong sa iba.
mania
[Pangngalan]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

maniya

maniya

dementia
[Pangngalan]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demensya, pagkasira ng pag-iisip

demensya, pagkasira ng pag-iisip

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form of dementia.Ang sakit na Alzheimer ay isang karaniwang anyo ng **dementia**.
autism
[Pangngalan]

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismo

autismo

hyperactivity
[Pangngalan]

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hyperactivity, sobrang aktibidad

hyperactivity, sobrang aktibidad

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD

obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .Ang mga gamot tulad ng selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ay maaaring makatulong sa pamamahala ng mga sintomas ng **obsessive-compulsive disorder** sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago ng chemistry ng utak upang mabawasan ang mga obsessive na pag-iisip at compulsions.

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

post-traumatic stress disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .Ang maagang interbensyon at suporta ay mahalaga para sa mga indibidwal na may **post-traumatic stress disorder**, dahil ang napapanahong paggamot ay maaaring makabuluhang mapabuti ang mga resulta at kalidad ng buhay.
panic attack
[Pangngalan]

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

atake ng sindak,  atake ng panic

atake ng sindak, atake ng panic

paranoia
[Pangngalan]

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoya

paranoya

paranoid
[pang-uri]

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranoyd, may pagkahibang

paranoyd, may pagkahibang

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

kaguluhan sa pagkatao, sakit sa pagkatao

kaguluhan sa pagkatao, sakit sa pagkatao

psychopath
[Pangngalan]

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

psychopath, sociopath

psychopath, sociopath

sociopath
[Pangngalan]

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

sosyopata, sikopata

sosyopata, sikopata

schizophrenia
[Pangngalan]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

eskisoprenya

eskisoprenya

psychotic
[pang-uri]

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

sikotiko, hindi nakakapag-ugnay sa realidad

sikotiko, hindi nakakapag-ugnay sa realidad

Ex: Psychotic episodes may be triggered by stress or substance abuse .Ang mga episode ng **psychotic** ay maaaring ma-trigger ng stress o pag-abuso sa substansiya.

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

borderline personality disorder, kaguluhan sa pagkataong borderline

borderline personality disorder, kaguluhan sa pagkataong borderline

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals with borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .Sa angkop na therapy at suporta, ang mga indibidwal na may **borderline personality disorder** ay maaaring matutong pamahalaan ang kanilang mga sintomas at mapabuti ang kanilang pangkalahatang kalidad ng buhay.
bipolar disorder
[Pangngalan]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolar disorder, manic-depressive illness

bipolar disorder, manic-depressive illness

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals with bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .Ang suporta mula sa mga kaibigan, pamilya, at mga propesyonal sa kalusugang pangkaisipan ay mahalaga para sa mga indibidwal na may **bipolar disorder** upang epektibong pamahalaan ang kanilang kondisyon at mapabuti ang kanilang kalidad ng buhay.

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

dissociative identity disorder, multiple personality disorder

dissociative identity disorder, multiple personality disorder

Ex: Living with dissociative identity disorder can be challenging , as individuals may struggle to maintain a cohesive sense of identity and may experience difficulties in relationships and daily functioning .Ang pamumuhay na may **dissociative identity disorder** ay maaaring maging mahirap, dahil ang mga indibidwal ay maaaring maghirap na mapanatili ang isang magkakaugnay na pakiramdam ng pagkakakilanlan at maaaring makaranas ng mga paghihirap sa mga relasyon at pang-araw-araw na paggana.
insomnia
[Pangngalan]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnia, sakit sa pagtulog

insomnia, sakit sa pagtulog

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Sa kabila ng pakiramdam na pagod, ang kanyang **insomnia** ay naging imposible para sa kanya na magkaroon ng magandang pahinga sa gabi.
amnesia
[Pangngalan]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

amnesia

egomania
[Pangngalan]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomania,  pagiging makasarili

egomania, pagiging makasarili

trauma
[Pangngalan]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, emosyonal na pagkabigla

trauma, emosyonal na pagkabigla

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Ang pagmamasid sa isang natural na kalamidad ay maaaring mag-iwan sa mga nakaligtas ng pangmatagalang **trauma** at takot.
self-harm
[Pangngalan]

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

pagsasaktan ang sarili, pagkakasakit sa sarili

pagsasaktan ang sarili, pagkakasakit sa sarili

instability
[Pangngalan]

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

kawalang-tatag

kawalang-tatag

complex
[Pangngalan]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

kompleks, grupo ng mga pigil na emosyon

kompleks, grupo ng mga pigil na emosyon

Ex: She struggled with a complex that caused her to avoid confrontation .Nakipaglaban siya sa isang **kompleks** na nagdulot sa kanya na iwasan ang pagtutunggali.
suicidal
[pang-uri]

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

nagpapakamatay, nakamamatay

nagpapakamatay, nakamamatay

masochistic
[pang-uri]

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

masokista

masokista

sadistic
[pang-uri]

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

sadista, malupit

sadista, malupit

Ex: The sadistic individual enjoyed dominating and humiliating their sexual partners , often disregarding their consent .Ang **sadistikong** indibidwal ay nasisiyahan sa pagdomina at paghamak sa kanilang mga sekswal na partner, madalas na hindi pinapansin ang kanilang pahintulot.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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