Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Desordenes Mentales
Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre desordenes mentales, como "anxiety", "mania", "PTSD", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.
Revisión
Tarjetas de memoria
Ortografía
Cuestionario
a disease, illness, or medical condition that impairs normal physical or mental function
trastorno
El paciente sufre de un trastorno sanguíneo raro.
(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason
ansiedad
Los síntomas físicos de la ansiedad incluyen latidos cardíacos rápidos y sudoración.
relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being
mental
El terapeuta se especializa en el tratamiento de trastornos mentales como la depresión y la ansiedad.
a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities
depresión
Muchas personas experimentan depresión durante los grandes cambios de vida.
mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions
manía
a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions
demencia
El médico explicó que la demencia puede afectar tanto la memoria a corto como a largo plazo.
a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges
autismo
a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children
hiperactividad
a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively
TDAH
a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over
TOC
La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC), particularmente la prevención de exposición y respuesta (ERP), es un tratamiento efectivo para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, que ayuda a los pacientes a enfrentar sus miedos y reducir los comportamientos compulsivos.
a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event
TEPT
La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) y la desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR) son tratamientos efectivos para el trastorno de estrés postraumático, ayudando a las personas a procesar y afrontar su trauma.
a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear
ataque de pánico
an unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you
paranoia
Su paranoia lo hacía sospechar de sus amigos.
suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one
paranoide
any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society
trastorno de personalidad
someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior
psicópata
someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings
sociópata
a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality
esquizofrenia
(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy
psicótico
Los trastornos psicóticos pueden afectar gravemente la capacidad de una persona para funcionar en la vida diaria.
a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships
trastorno límite de la personalidad
El tratamiento para el trastorno límite de la personalidad a menudo implica una combinación de psicoterapia, como la terapia dialéctica conductual (TDC), y medicamentos para ayudar a controlar los síntomas.
a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression
trastorno bipolar
El tratamiento del trastorno bipolar generalmente implica una combinación de medicamentos, como estabilizadores del estado de ánimo y antidepresivos, y psicoterapia para ayudar a controlar los síntomas y prevenir recaídas.
a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior
trastorno de identidad disociativo
El trauma, particularmente en la infancia, a menudo se asocia con el desarrollo del trastorno de identidad disociativo, como un mecanismo de afrontamiento para escapar de experiencias abrumadoras o traumáticas.
a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep
insomnio
El médico recomendó algunas técnicas de relajación para ayudar a combatir su insomnio y mejorar la calidad de su sueño.
a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory
amnesia
Los casos de amnesia disociativa pueden seguir a un trauma emocional extremo y a veces resolverse con psicoterapia.
a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested
egomanía
a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time
trauma
El trauma infantil puede tener efectos duraderos en el bienestar mental y emocional de una persona.
the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder
autolesión
tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically
inestabilidad
a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought
complejo
Un complejo de inferioridad profundamente arraigado lo hizo alejarse de los roles de liderazgo.
gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled
masoquista
finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others
sádico
El asesino en serie sádico disfrutaba del sufrimiento de sus víctimas.
