Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Duševní poruchy

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

porucha, neřád

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

úzkost, znepokojení

relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being

duševní, psychický

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

deprese

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mánie, mania

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demence

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autismus

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hyperaktivita, zvýšená aktivita

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsessivně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

porucha posttraumatického stresu, PTSD

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

panická ataka, anxiózní záchvat

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoia, paranoid

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranoidní, paranoický

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

porucha osobnosti, osobnostní nemoc

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

psychopat

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

sociopat, psychopat

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenie

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

psychotický, duševní

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolární porucha, bipolarita

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

dissociativní porucha identity, dissociativní identitní porucha

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

nespavost

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnézie

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egománie, narcismus

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, psychická trauma

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

sebepoškozování, sebezraňování

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

nestabilita, nepravidelnost

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

komplex, emoční komplex

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

suicidální, nebezpečný

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

mazochistický, mazochist

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

sadistický, krutý