Kosakata Penting untuk TOEFL - Cacat mental

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

gangguan, ketidaknormalan

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

kecemasan, cemas

relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being

mental, jiwa

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depresi

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

manik, mania

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demensia

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autisme

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hiperaktivitas, aktivitas berlebihan

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

gangguan perhatian hiperaktivitas, ADHD

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

gangguan obsesif-kompulsif, OCD

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

gangguan stres pasca-trauma, PTSD

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

serangan panik, krisis panik

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoia, paranoid

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranoid, paranoia

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

gangguan kepribadian, penyakit kepribadian

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

psikopat

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

sosiopat, psikopat

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

skizofrenia

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

psikotik, mental

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

gangguan kepribadian ambang, gangguan kepribadian borderline

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

gangguan bipolar, bipolaritas

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

gangguan identitas disosiatif, gangguan kepribadian disosiatif

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnia

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomania, narsisis

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, cedera psikologis

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

cedera diri, perilaku menyakiti diri

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

ketidakstabilan, keterasingan

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

kompleks, kompleks emosional

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

bunuh diri, berbahaya

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

mazokis, mazokisme

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

sadis, kejam