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Lényeges Szókincs a TOEFL-hez - Mentális zavarok

Itt megtanulhat néhány angol szót a mentális zavarokról, mint például "szorongás", "mánia", "PTSD" stb., amelyek szükségesek a TOEFL vizsgához.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disorder

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

zavar, betegség

zavar, betegség

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[Főnév]
anxiety

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

szorongás, aggodalom

szorongás, aggodalom

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[Főnév]
mental

relating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being

szellemi, mentális

szellemi, mentális

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[melléknév]
depression

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depresszió

depresszió

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[Főnév]
mania

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mánia, mania

mánia, mania

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[Főnév]
dementia

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

dementia

dementia

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[Főnév]
autism

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

autizmus

autizmus

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[Főnév]
hyperactivity

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hiperaktivitás, túlzott aktivitás

hiperaktivitás, túlzott aktivitás

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[Főnév]
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

figyelemhiányos hiperaktivitás zavar, ADHD

figyelemhiányos hiperaktivitás zavar, ADHD

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[Főnév]
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

kényszerbetegség, OCD

kényszerbetegség, OCD

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[Főnév]
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

poszttraumás stressz zavar, PTSD

poszttraumás stressz zavar, PTSD

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[Főnév]
panic attack

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

pánikroham, pánikrohamok

pánikroham, pánikrohamok

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[Főnév]
paranoia

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoia, paranoid

paranoia, paranoid

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[Főnév]
paranoid

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

paranoid, paranoiás

paranoid, paranoiás

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[melléknév]
personality disorder

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

személyiségzavar, személyiségi betegség

személyiségzavar, személyiségi betegség

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[Főnév]
psychopath

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

pszichopata

pszichopata

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[Főnév]
sociopath

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

szociopata, pszichopata

szociopata, pszichopata

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[Főnév]
schizophrenia

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

skizofrénia

skizofrénia

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[Főnév]
psychotic

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

pszichotikus, mentális

pszichotikus, mentális

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[melléknév]
borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

határvonalas személyiségzavar, borderline személyiségzavar

határvonalas személyiségzavar, borderline személyiségzavar

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[Főnév]
bipolar disorder

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipoláris zavar, bipoláris rendellenesség

bipoláris zavar, bipoláris rendellenesség

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[Főnév]
dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

disszociatív identitászavar, disszociatív személyiségzavar

disszociatív identitászavar, disszociatív személyiségzavar

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[Főnév]
insomnia

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

inszomnia

inszomnia

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[Főnév]
amnesia

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnézia

amnézia

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[Főnév]
egomania

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egománia, narcizmus

egománia, narcizmus

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[Főnév]
trauma

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, pszichés trauma

trauma, pszichés trauma

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[Főnév]
self-harm

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

önkárosítás, saját magának ártás

önkárosítás, saját magának ártás

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[Főnév]
instability

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

instabilitás, változékonyság

instabilitás, változékonyság

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[Főnév]
complex

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

komplex, érzelmi komplex

komplex, érzelmi komplex

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[Főnév]
suicidal

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

öngyilkos, veszélyes

öngyilkos, veszélyes

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[melléknév]
masochistic

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

mazochista, mazochista

mazochista, mazochista

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[melléknév]
sadistic

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

szadista, kegyetlen

szadista, kegyetlen

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[melléknév]
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