disorder
[名词]
a disease, illness, or medical condition that impairs normal physical or mental function
Ex:
mental
[形容词]
心理的
Ex:
She
practices
meditation
to
improve
her
mental
well-being
and
reduce
stress
.
她练习冥想以改善她的心理健康并减轻压力。
强迫症
Ex:
Individuals
with
obsessive-compulsive disorder
may
feel
compelled
to
perform
rituals
,
such as
excessive
hand-washing
or
checking
locks
,
to
prevent
perceived
harm
.
患有强迫症的个体可能会感到被迫执行仪式，如过度洗手或检查锁，以防止感知到的伤害。
创伤后应激障碍
Ex:
Symptoms
of
post-traumatic stress disorder
include
flashbacks
,
nightmares
,
severe
anxiety
,
and
uncontrollable
thoughts
about
the
traumatic
event
.
创伤后应激障碍的症状包括闪回、噩梦、严重焦虑以及对创伤事件无法控制的想法。
psychotic
[形容词]
精神病的
Ex:
During
his
psychotic
episode
,
he
heard
voices
that
were
n't
there
.
在他的精神病发作期间，他听到了不存在的声音。
边缘型人格障碍
Ex:
Individuals
with
borderline personality disorder
may
experience
sudden
mood
swings
,
chronic
feelings
of
emptiness
,
and
a
fear
of
abandonment
.
患有边缘性人格障碍的个体可能会经历突然的情绪波动、长期的空虚感以及对被抛弃的恐惧。
bipolar disorder
[名词]
双相情感障碍
Ex:
Individuals
with
bipolar disorder
may
experience
manic
episodes
marked
by
increased
energy
,
racing
thoughts
,
and
impulsive
behavior
,
followed
by
depressive
episodes
with
feelings
of
sadness
,
hopelessness
,
and
loss
of
interest
in
activities
.
患有双相情感障碍的个体可能会经历以精力增加、思绪飞驰和冲动行为为标志的躁狂发作，随后是伴有悲伤、绝望和对活动失去兴趣的抑郁发作。
解离性身份识别障碍
Ex:
Individuals
with
dissociative identity disorder
may
experience
memory
gaps
,
time
loss
,
and
a
sense
of
being
disconnected
from
their
thoughts
,
feelings
,
and
surroundings
.
患有解离性身份障碍的个体可能会经历记忆空白、时间丢失以及感觉与自己的思想、情感和周围环境脱节。
insomnia
[名词]
失眠
Ex:
His
insomnia
often
left
him
tossing
and
turning
at
night
,
searching
for
a
comfortable
position
to
fall
asleep
.
他的失眠常常让他在夜晚辗转反侧，寻找一个舒适的入睡姿势。
amnesia
[名词]
失忆症
Ex:
The
neurologist
explained
that
his
amnesia
made it
hard
to
learn
new
names
,
though
long‑term
memories
remained
intact
.
神经学家解释说，他的失忆症使得学习新名字变得困难，尽管长期记忆仍然完好无损。
trauma
[名词]
创伤
Ex:
Combat
veterans
often
experience
post-traumatic stress disorder
(
PTSD
)
as a result
of
their
wartime
trauma
.
战斗老兵常常因为战争的创伤而经历创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。
sadistic
[形容词]
施虐的
Ex:
The
sadistic
character
in
the
horror
movie
delighted in
the
torture
of
their
victims
.
恐怖电影中的施虐狂角色以折磨受害者为乐。