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托福必备词汇 - 精神错乱

在这里你将学习托福考试所需的一些关于精神障碍的英语单词,例如“anxiety”、“mania”、“PTSD”等。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disorder

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

[名词]
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anxiety

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

焦虑,忧虑

焦虑,忧虑

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mental

relating to the health or state of the mind

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depression

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

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mania

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

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dementia

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

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autism

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

自闭症

自闭症

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hyperactivity

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

注意缺陷多动障碍,ADHD

注意缺陷多动障碍,ADHD

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obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

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post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

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panic attack

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

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paranoia

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

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paranoid

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

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personality disorder

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

[名词]
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psychopath

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

[名词]
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sociopath

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

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schizophrenia

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

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psychotic

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

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borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

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bipolar disorder

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

双相情感障碍,躁郁症

双相情感障碍,躁郁症

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dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

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insomnia

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

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amnesia

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

失忆症

失忆症

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egomania

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

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trauma

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

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self-harm

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

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instability

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

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complex

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

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suicidal

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

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masochistic

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

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sadistic

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

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