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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 精神障害

TOEFL試験に必要な「不安」「躁」「PTSD」など精神障害に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disorder

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

[名詞]
anxiety

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

不安,心配

不安,心配

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[名詞]
mental

relating to the health or state of the mind

[形容詞]
depression

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

[名詞]
mania

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

[名詞]
dementia

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

[名詞]
autism

a disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges

自閉症

自閉症

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[名詞]
hyperactivity

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

[名詞]
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

注意欠陥多動性障害,ADHD

注意欠陥多動性障害,ADHD

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[名詞]
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

[名詞]
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

[名詞]
panic attack

a disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear

[名詞]
paranoia

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

[名詞]
paranoid

suffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one

[形容詞]
personality disorder

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

[名詞]
psychopath

someone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior

[名詞]
sociopath

someone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings

[名詞]
schizophrenia

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

[名詞]
psychotic

(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy

[形容詞]
borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

[名詞]
bipolar disorder

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

双極性障害,バイポーラ障害

双極性障害,バイポーラ障害

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[名詞]
dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

[名詞]
insomnia

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

[名詞]
amnesia

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

記憶喪失

記憶喪失

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[名詞]
egomania

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

[名詞]
trauma

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

[名詞]
self-harm

the action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder

[名詞]
instability

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

[名詞]
complex

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

[名詞]
suicidal

dangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

[形容詞]
masochistic

gaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled

[形容詞]
sadistic

finding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others

[形容詞]
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