TOEFL のための上級語彙 - お金とビジネス

to diminish in value, especially over time

to vary or waver between two or more states or amounts

（価格が）不安定であること

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

急落する

to increase rapidly to a high level

何かが急速に増加するとき

able to be changed from one form of currency, investment, or security into another

コンバーチブル

relating to the removal or reduction of governmental power or regulations from an industry, commodity, etc.

規制緩和

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

非常に高価な

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

財政

relating to a policy in which private businesses are allowed to thrive without government control

放任主義

‌not paid, done, etc. within the required or expected timeframe

期限を過ぎた

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

扶養料

an unpaid debt that is past due

負債

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

裏付け

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

報酬（お金など）

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

金融検査

an act of giving money to a foreign country, a failing company, or an organization on the verge of collapse to ensure their safety from bankruptcy

救済

the state or condition of not having enough money to pay one's debts

倒産

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

現在の市場の価格明細書

a challenging situation caused by a shortage, such as time, money, or resources, that requires immediate attention or action

噛み砕く

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

デフレ

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

配当

(finance) the value of a company's shares in relation to its debts

力点

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

身代金（お金）

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

控除

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

関税

the act of loaning money to others and demanding a very high interest rate

暴利

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

流動性

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

マネタリズム

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

スタグフレーション

all the customers collectively

顧客

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

複数の異なる事業体から構成される会社

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

子会社

an advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner

テレビコマーシャル

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

コストの削減

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

アウトソーシング

a person whose job is to sell and buy assets and goods for other people

ブローカ

a person who lends money to people, typically under illegal conditions, at a very high rate of interest

高利貸し

a rich and powerful person who is successful in business or industry

富豪

a wealthy, influential, and successful businessperson

巨頭

(in business, politics, etc.) a situation in which the competition is so fierce that everyone is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, even if it means harming others

熾烈かつ無慈悲な競争