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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Pera at Negosyo

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pera at negosyo, tulad ng "soar", "overdue", "quotation", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to depreciate
to depreciate
[Pandiwa]

to diminish in value, especially over time

mawalan ng halaga, bumaba ang halaga

mawalan ng halaga, bumaba ang halaga

to fluctuate
to fluctuate
[Pandiwa]

to vary or waver between two or more states or amounts

mag-iba-iba, magbago-bago

mag-iba-iba, magbago-bago

Ex: The economy fluctuates, affecting businesses and individuals alike. 

Ang ekonomiya ay nagbabagu-bago, na nakakaapekto sa mga negosyo at indibidwal nang pantay-pantay.

to plummet
to plummet
[Pandiwa]

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

bumagsak, mabilis na bumaba

bumagsak, mabilis na bumaba

Ex: After the disappointing earnings report, the company's stock value began to plummet. 

Matapos ang nakakabigong ulat ng kita, ang halaga ng stock ng kumpanya ay nagsimulang bumagsak.

to soar
to soar
[Pandiwa]

to increase rapidly to a high level

lumipad nang mataas, tumaas nang mabilis

lumipad nang mataas, tumaas nang mabilis

Ex: The price of Bitcoin soared to an all-time high last week. 

Ang presyo ng Bitcoin ay tumaas nang husto sa isang all-time high noong nakaraang linggo.

convertible
convertible
[pang-uri]

able to be changed from one form of currency, investment, or security into another

napapalitan

napapalitan

Ex: The convertible preferred stock can be converted into a specified number of common shares. 

Ang convertible na preferred stock ay maaaring i-convert sa isang tinukoy na bilang ng mga common share.

deregulatory
deregulatory
[pang-uri]

relating to the removal or reduction of governmental power or regulations from an industry, commodity, etc.

nauugnay sa pag-alis o pagbawas ng kapangyarihan o regulasyon ng pamahalaan, deregulatoryo

nauugnay sa pag-alis o pagbawas ng kapangyarihan o regulasyon ng pamahalaan, deregulatoryo

extravagant
extravagant
[pang-uri]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

marangya, magastos

marangya, magastos

Ex: She threw an extravagant birthday party with live music and gourmet catering. 

Nagdaos siya ng isang napakamahal na birthday party na may live music at gourmet catering.

fiscal
fiscal
[pang-uri]

relating to government revenue, spending, taxation, or other public finances

piskal,  nauukol sa pananalapi

piskal, nauukol sa pananalapi

Ex: The government introduced new fiscal measures to reduce the deficit. 
laissez-faire
laissez-faire
[pang-uri]

relating to a policy in which private businesses are allowed to thrive without government control

laissez-faire

laissez-faire

overdue
overdue
[pang-uri]

‌not paid, done, etc. within the required or expected timeframe

hindi nabayaran, sobra sa panahon

hindi nabayaran, sobra sa panahon

Ex: The project deadline is overdue, and we need to catch up on our tasks. 

Ang deadline ng proyekto ay hindi naabot, at kailangan naming habulin ang aming mga gawain.

alimony
alimony
[Pangngalan]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

sustento, pension

sustento, pension

Ex: After the divorce, she was awarded monthly alimony payments to support her financially. 

Pagkatapos ng diborsyo, siya ay iginawad ng buwanang mga pagbabayad ng sustento upang suportahan siya sa pananalapi.

arrears
arrears
[Pangngalan]

money that is owed and not yet paid

atraso, utang na hindi pa nababayaran

atraso, utang na hindi pa nababayaran

Ex: He finally paid off his arrears from the last six months. 

Sa wakas ay nabayaran na niya ang kanyang mga utang sa nakaraang anim na buwan.

collateral
collateral
[Pangngalan]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantiya,  sangla

garantiya, sangla

Ex: When securing a loan, the bank often requires borrowers to provide collateral, such as real estate or vehicles, to mitigate the risk of default. 

Kapag nagsisiguro ng pautang, madalas na hinihiling ng bangko na magbigay ang mga nanghihiram ng sangla, tulad ng real estate o mga sasakyan, upang mabawasan ang panganib ng default.

incentive
incentive
[Pangngalan]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

insentibo,  bonus

insentibo, bonus

Ex: The company offered a bonus as an incentive for employees who exceeded their sales targets. 

Ang kumpanya ay nag-alok ng bonus bilang insentibo para sa mga empleyado na lumampas sa kanilang mga target sa pagbebenta.

audit
audit
[Pangngalan]

a formal examination of financial records to check that they are accurate and properly maintained

pag-audit,  pagsusuri

pag-audit, pagsusuri

Ex: The company undergoes a financial audit every year. 
bailout
bailout
[Pangngalan]

an act of giving money to a foreign country, a failing company, or an organization on the verge of collapse to ensure their safety from bankruptcy

bailout, pagliligtas sa pananalapi

bailout, pagliligtas sa pananalapi

insolvency
insolvency
[Pangngalan]

the state or condition of not having enough money to pay one's debts

kawalan ng kakayahang magbayad, pagkabangkarote

kawalan ng kakayahang magbayad, pagkabangkarote

quotation
quotation
[Pangngalan]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

presyo, tantos

presyo, tantos

Ex: The contractor provided a detailed quotation for the renovation project, outlining materials and labor costs. 
crunch
crunch
[Pangngalan]

a challenging situation caused by a shortage, such as time, money, or resources, that requires immediate attention or action

krisis, mahigpit na sitwasyon

krisis, mahigpit na sitwasyon

Ex: The company faced a financial crunch after losing a major client. 

Ang kumpanya ay nakaranas ng krisis sa pananalapi matapos mawalan ng isang pangunahing kliyente.

deflation
deflation
[Pangngalan]

a sustained decline in prices caused by reduced economic activity

deflasyon

deflasyon

Ex: The central bank fears deflation and is cutting interest rates to stimulate spending. 
dividend
dividend
[Pangngalan]

a share of a company's profits paid to its shareholders

dibidendo,  dibidendo

dibidendo, dibidendo

Ex: The company increased its annual dividend after reporting record profits. 
leverage
leverage
[Pangngalan]

(finance) the value of a company's shares in relation to its debts

panikalan, epekto ng panikalan

panikalan, epekto ng panikalan

ransom
ransom
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

ransom

ransom

Ex: The kidnappers demanded a large ransom for the safe return of the CEO's daughter. 

Ang mga kidnapper ay humingi ng malaking ransom para sa ligtas na pagbabalik ng anak na babae ng CEO.

subsidy
subsidy
[Pangngalan]

money provided by a government or organization to support or encourage an activity, industry, service, or expense

subsidiya,  tulong

subsidiya, tulong

Ex: The government provides subsidies to farmers during difficult growing seasons. 
tariff
tariff
[Pangngalan]

a tax imposed by a government on goods imported into or exported from a country

taripa,  bayad sa pag-angkat

taripa, bayad sa pag-angkat

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel. 
usury
usury
[Pangngalan]

the practice of lending money at excessively high interest rates, considered unethical or illegal

pangungutang nang labis, paghihiram ng pera nang sobrang taas na interes

pangungutang nang labis, paghihiram ng pera nang sobrang taas na interes

Ex: The lender was accused of usury after charging triple-digit interest. 

Ang nagpapautang ay inakusahan ng pangungutang nang malaki ang tubo matapos singilin ang triple-digit na interes.

liquidity
liquidity
[Pangngalan]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

likididad

likididad

Ex: The company maintained high liquidity to cover unexpected expenses. 

Ang kumpanya ay nagpanatili ng mataas na likididad upang masakop ang mga hindi inaasahang gastos.

monetarism
monetarism
[Pangngalan]

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monetarismo, teoryang pananalapi

monetarismo, teoryang pananalapi

Ex: Monetarism emphasizes the role of monetary policy over fiscal policy. 

Binibigyang-diin ng monetarismo ang papel ng patakaran sa pananalapi kaysa sa patakaran sa paggasta.

stagflation
stagflation
[Pangngalan]

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

stagpagsikad, stagpagsikad ng ekonomiya

stagpagsikad, stagpagsikad ng ekonomiya

Ex: The country experienced stagflation, with prices rising and jobs disappearing. 

Ang bansa ay nakaranas ng stagflation, na may tumataas na presyo at mga trabahong nawawala.

clientele
clientele
[Pangngalan]

the collective body of clients served by a business, professional, or institution

mga kliyente, base ng kliyente

mga kliyente, base ng kliyente

Ex: The boutique's clientele favored minimalist fashion and high-end fabrics. 

Pabor ng mga kliyente ng boutique ang minimalist na fashion at mga high-end na tela.

conglomerate
conglomerate
[Pangngalan]

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

konglomerado, grupo

konglomerado, grupo

Ex: The conglomerate expanded its operations by acquiring companies in various industries such as technology, healthcare, and consumer goods. 

Pinalawak ng konglomerato ang mga operasyon nito sa pamamagitan ng pagkuha ng mga kumpanya sa iba't ibang industriya tulad ng teknolohiya, pangangalagang pangkalusugan, at mga produktong pang-konsumo.

subsidiary
subsidiary
[Pangngalan]

a company owned or controlled by another, usually larger, company

subsidiary,  sangay

subsidiary, sangay

Ex: The German manufacturer operates a subsidiary in California. 
infomercial
infomercial
[Pangngalan]

an advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner

programang pang-adbertismo, tele-shopping

programang pang-adbertismo, tele-shopping

Ex: The infomercial for the new kitchen appliance demonstrated its multiple uses and featured testimonials from satisfied customers. 

Ang infomercial para sa bagong kusinang appliance ay nagpakita ng maraming gamit nito at nagtatampok ng mga testimonial mula sa nasiyahan customer.

curtailment
curtailment
[Pangngalan]

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

pagbabawas,  paghihigpit

pagbabawas, paghihigpit

Ex: The company announced a curtailment of its production operations in response to declining market demand. 

Inanunsyo ng kumpanya ang isang pagbabawas sa mga operasyon ng produksyon nito bilang tugon sa pagbaba ng demand sa merkado.

outsourcing
outsourcing
[Pangngalan]

the practice of contracting external parties to provide goods or services for a company

outsourcing,  pag-outsource

outsourcing, pag-outsource

Ex: The company reduced costs by outsourcing customer support to an overseas firm. 
broker
broker
[Pangngalan]

a professional who facilitates transactions between buyers and sellers for a commission

broker,  ahente

broker, ahente

Ex: The broker negotiated the sale of the commercial property. 
loan shark
loan shark
[Pangngalan]

a person who lends money to people, typically under illegal conditions, at a very high rate of interest

usurero, nagpapautang nang patubo

usurero, nagpapautang nang patubo

Ex: He borrowed money from a loan shark and ended up owing twice as much. 

Humiram siya sa usurero at sa huli, doble na ang utang niya.

tycoon
tycoon
[Pangngalan]

a rich and powerful person who is successful in business or industry

magnate, tycoon

magnate, tycoon

magnate
magnate
[Pangngalan]

a wealthy, influential, and successful businessperson

magnate, dambuhala ng industriya

magnate, dambuhala ng industriya

Ex: As the CEO and founder of Tesla, Elon Musk is considered one of the most influential tech magnates of our time. 

Bilang CEO at tagapagtatag ng Tesla, si Elon Musk ay itinuturing na isa sa pinakamaimpluwensyang tech magnate ng ating panahon.

dog eat dog
dog eat dog
[Parirala]

(in business, politics, etc.) a situation in which the competition is so fierce that everyone is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, even if it means harming others

malupit na kompetisyon, kanya-kanyang laban

malupit na kompetisyon, kanya-kanyang laban

Ex: The tech industry can be dog eat dog, especially for small startups. 

Maaaring maging malupit ang kompetisyon sa tech industry, lalo na para sa maliliit na startup.

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