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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Pera at Negosyo

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pera at negosyo, tulad ng "soar", "overdue", "quotation", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to depreciate
to depreciate
[Pandiwa]

to diminish in value, especially over time

mawalan ng halaga, bumaba ang halaga

mawalan ng halaga, bumaba ang halaga

to fluctuate
to fluctuate
[Pandiwa]

to vary or waver between two or more states or amounts

mag-iba-iba, magbago-bago

mag-iba-iba, magbago-bago

Ex: The economy is unstable , causing stock prices to fluctuate wildly .Ang ekonomiya ay hindi matatag, na nagdudulot ng pag-**pagbabago-bago** ng mga presyo ng stock nang malala.
to plummet
to plummet
[Pandiwa]

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

bumagsak, mabilis na bumaba

bumagsak, mabilis na bumaba

Ex: Political instability in the region caused tourism to plummet, affecting the hospitality industry .Ang kawalang-tatag na pampulitika sa rehiyon ay nagdulot ng **pagbagsak** ng turismo, na nakaaapekto sa industriya ng paghahatid.
to soar
to soar
[Pandiwa]

to increase rapidly to a high level

lumipad nang mataas, tumaas nang mabilis

lumipad nang mataas, tumaas nang mabilis

Ex: The demand for electric cars is expected to soar in the coming years as more people seek environmentally-friendly transportation options .Inaasahang **tataas** nang husto ang demand para sa mga electric car sa mga darating na taon habang mas maraming tao ang naghahanap ng mga opsyon sa transportasyon na eco-friendly.
convertible
convertible
[pang-uri]

able to be changed from one form of currency, investment, or security into another

napapalitan

napapalitan

Ex: The convertible mortgage allows borrowers to switch between fixed and adjustable interest rates .Ang **convertible** na mortgage ay nagpapahintulot sa mga nanghihiram na lumipat sa pagitan ng fixed at adjustable na mga interest rate.
deregulatory
deregulatory
[pang-uri]

relating to the removal or reduction of governmental power or regulations from an industry, commodity, etc.

nauugnay sa pag-alis o pagbawas ng kapangyarihan o regulasyon ng pamahalaan, deregulatoryo

nauugnay sa pag-alis o pagbawas ng kapangyarihan o regulasyon ng pamahalaan, deregulatoryo

extravagant
extravagant
[pang-uri]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

marangya, magastos

marangya, magastos

Ex: The CEO 's extravagant spending habits raised eyebrows among shareholders and employees alike .Ang **mapag-aksaya** na gawi sa paggastos ng CEO ay nagpaangat ng kilay ng mga shareholder at empleyado.
fiscal
fiscal
[pang-uri]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

piskal, badyet

piskal, badyet

Ex: Fiscal responsibility is essential for maintaining the stability of the economy .Ang responsibilidad **sa pananalapi** ay mahalaga para mapanatili ang katatagan ng ekonomiya.
laissez-faire
laissez-faire
[pang-uri]

relating to a policy in which private businesses are allowed to thrive without government control

laissez-faire

laissez-faire

overdue
overdue
[pang-uri]

‌not paid, done, etc. within the required or expected timeframe

hindi nabayaran, sobra sa panahon

hindi nabayaran, sobra sa panahon

Ex: The rent payment is overdue, and the landlord has issued a reminder .Ang bayad sa upa ay **hindi pa nababayaran**, at ang may-ari ay naglabas ng paalala.
alimony
alimony
[Pangngalan]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

sustento, pension

sustento, pension

Ex: The judge considered various factors in determining the amount of alimony to be paid .Isinaalang-alang ng hukom ang iba't ibang mga kadahilanan sa pagtukoy sa halaga ng **sustento** na dapat bayaran.
arrears
arrears
[Pangngalan]

money that is owed and not yet paid

Ex: The company settled its arrears to avoid penalties .
collateral
collateral
[Pangngalan]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantiya,  sangla

garantiya, sangla

Ex: The entrepreneur pledged his stock portfolio as collateral to secure the business loan needed to expand his company .Ang negosyante ay nangako ng kanyang stock portfolio bilang **sangla** upang matiyak ang negosyo na pautang na kailangan para palawakin ang kanyang kumpanya.
incentive
incentive
[Pangngalan]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

insentibo,  bonus

insentibo, bonus

Ex: The government introduced subsidies as an incentive for farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices .Ang pamahalaan ay nagpakilala ng mga subsidy bilang **insentibo** para sa mga magsasaka na magpatibay ng mga sustainable agricultural practices.
audit
audit
[Pangngalan]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

audit, pagsusuri sa pananalapi

audit, pagsusuri sa pananalapi

Ex: The IRS conducted a tax audit to verify the accuracy of the individual 's tax returns .Ang IRS ay nagsagawa ng isang **audit** sa buwis upang patunayan ang katumpakan ng mga tax return ng indibidwal.
bailout
bailout
[Pangngalan]

an act of giving money to a foreign country, a failing company, or an organization on the verge of collapse to ensure their safety from bankruptcy

bailout, pagliligtas sa pananalapi

bailout, pagliligtas sa pananalapi

insolvency
insolvency
[Pangngalan]

the state or condition of not having enough money to pay one's debts

kawalan ng kakayahang magbayad, pagkabangkarote

kawalan ng kakayahang magbayad, pagkabangkarote

quotation
quotation
[Pangngalan]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

presyo, tantos

presyo, tantos

Ex: Before signing the contract , they reviewed the quotation to ensure it aligned with their budget and expectations .Bago pirmahan ang kontrata, tiningnan nila ang **presyo** upang matiyak na ito ay naaayon sa kanilang badyet at inaasahan.
crunch
crunch
[Pangngalan]

a challenging situation caused by a shortage, such as time, money, or resources, that requires immediate attention or action

krisis, mahigpit na sitwasyon

krisis, mahigpit na sitwasyon

Ex: The team hit a resource crunch when supplies did n't arrive on time .Naranasan ng koponan ang isang **kakulangan** sa mga mapagkukunan nang hindi dumating ang mga supply sa takdang oras.
deflation
deflation
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflasyon

deflasyon

dividend
dividend
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

dividendo

dividendo

Ex: The board decided to increase the dividend this year .Nagpasya ang lupon na taasan ang **dividend** ngayong taon.
leverage
leverage
[Pangngalan]

(finance) the value of a company's shares in relation to its debts

panikalan, epekto ng panikalan

panikalan, epekto ng panikalan

ransom
ransom
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

ransom

ransom

Ex: Hostage negotiations are delicate processes aimed at securing the safe release of captives without paying ransom.Ang mga negosasyon sa hostage ay maselang proseso na naglalayong matiyak ang ligtas na pagpapalaya sa mga bihag nang hindi nagbabayad ng **ransom**.
subsidy
subsidy
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

subsidy, tulong pinansyal

subsidy, tulong pinansyal

Ex: The arts organization relies on government subsidies to fund its cultural programs and events .Ang organisasyon ng sining ay umaasa sa mga **subsidy** ng gobyerno upang pondohan ang mga programa at kaganapan nito sa kultura.
tariff
tariff
[Pangngalan]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

taripa, buwis sa customs

taripa, buwis sa customs

Ex: Businesses are concerned about potential tariff increases that could impact their supply chain costs .Nag-aalala ang mga negosyo tungkol sa posibleng pagtaas ng **taripa** na maaaring makaapekto sa kanilang mga gastos sa supply chain.
usury
usury
[Pangngalan]

the practice of lending money at excessively high interest rates, considered unethical or illegal

pangungutang nang labis, paghihiram ng pera nang sobrang taas na interes

pangungutang nang labis, paghihiram ng pera nang sobrang taas na interes

Ex: The court ruled the loan agreement constituted usury.Nagpasiya ang hukuman na ang kasunduan sa pautang ay bumubuo ng **pagpapautang nang labis ang tubo**.
liquidity
liquidity
[Pangngalan]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

likididad

likididad

Ex: The central bank provided liquidity to the financial markets .Ang bangko sentral ay nagbigay ng **likididad** sa mga pamilihang pinansyal.
monetarism
monetarism
[Pangngalan]

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monetarismo, teoryang pananalapi

monetarismo, teoryang pananalapi

Ex: Supporters of monetarism believe that a stable money supply ensures economic stability .Ang mga tagasuporta ng **monetarismo** ay naniniwala na ang isang matatag na suplay ng pera ay nagsisiguro ng katatagan sa ekonomiya.
stagflation
stagflation
[Pangngalan]

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

stagpagsikad, stagpagsikad ng ekonomiya

stagpagsikad, stagpagsikad ng ekonomiya

Ex: Policymakers were puzzled by the stagflation, as both inflation and unemployment rose .Nalito ang mga policymaker sa **stagflation**, dahil parehong tumaas ang inflation at unemployment.
clientele
clientele
[Pangngalan]

the collective body of clients served by a business, professional, or institution

mga kliyente, base ng kliyente

mga kliyente, base ng kliyente

Ex: The gallery 's clientele included collectors , critics , and art investors .Ang **kliyente** ng gallery ay kinabibilangan ng mga kolektor, kritiko, at mga mamumuhunan sa sining.
conglomerate
conglomerate
[Pangngalan]

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

konglomerado, grupo

konglomerado, grupo

Ex: Shareholders expressed concerns about the conglomerate's complex corporate structure and urged management to streamline operations for better efficiency .Nagpahayag ng mga alalahanin ang mga shareholder tungkol sa kumplikadong istruktura ng korporasyon ng **konglomerado** at hinimok ang pamamahala na gawing simple ang mga operasyon para sa mas mahusay na kahusayan.
subsidiary
subsidiary
[Pangngalan]

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

subsidiary, kumpanyang kaakibat

subsidiary, kumpanyang kaakibat

Ex: The retail chain has subsidiaries in different countries .Ang retail chain ay may mga **subsidiary** sa iba't ibang bansa.
infomercial
infomercial
[Pangngalan]

an advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner

programang pang-adbertismo, tele-shopping

programang pang-adbertismo, tele-shopping

Ex: The fitness guru starred in an infomercial, explaining the benefits of their workout program and offering a special discount to viewers who order within the next 30 minutes .Ang fitness guru ay gumanap sa isang **infomercial**, na nagpapaliwanag ng mga benepisyo ng kanilang workout program at nag-aalok ng espesyal na diskwento sa mga manonood na oorder sa loob ng susunod na 30 minuto.
curtailment
curtailment
[Pangngalan]

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

pagbabawas,  paghihigpit

pagbabawas, paghihigpit

Ex: Curtailment of capital expenditures was necessary to preserve cash flow during the financial downturn.Ang **pagbabawas** ng mga gastos sa kapital ay kinakailangan upang mapanatili ang cash flow sa panahon ng pagbagsak ng pananalapi.
outsourcing
outsourcing
[Pangngalan]

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

outsourcing, subkontrata

outsourcing, subkontrata

broker
broker
[Pangngalan]

a person whose job is to sell and buy assets and goods for other people

broker, tagapamagitan

broker, tagapamagitan

loan shark
loan shark
[Pangngalan]

a person who lends money to people, typically under illegal conditions, at a very high rate of interest

loan shark, mapagsamantalang nagpapautang

loan shark, mapagsamantalang nagpapautang

Ex: We heard stories of people who had borrowed from loan sharks and suffered dire consequences as a result .Narinig namin ang mga kwento ng mga taong umutang sa **mga loan shark** at nagdusa ng malubhang kahihinatnan bilang resulta.
tycoon
tycoon
[Pangngalan]

a rich and powerful person who is successful in business or industry

magnate, tycoon

magnate, tycoon

magnate
magnate
[Pangngalan]

a wealthy, influential, and successful businessperson

magnate, dambuhala ng industriya

magnate, dambuhala ng industriya

Ex: Real estate magnate Donald Trump leveraged his family 's business into a globally recognized brand throughout hotels , casinos and television .Ang real estate **magnate** na si Donald Trump ay ginawang globally recognized brand ang negosyo ng kanyang pamilya sa pamamagitan ng mga hotel, casino at telebisyon.
dog eat dog
dog eat dog
[Parirala]

(in business, politics, etc.) a situation in which the competition is so fierce that everyone is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, even if it means harming others

Ex: The competition for the job is fierce, and it's a dog eat dog situation.
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