واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - پول و تجارت

to diminish in value, especially over time

به ندرت ارزش خود را از دست دادن

to vary or waver between two or more states or amounts

نوسان داشتن, بالا و پایین شدن، افت‌و‌خیز داشتن

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

سقوط شدید کردن, کاهش یافتن ناگهانی

to increase rapidly to a high level

شدیدا افزایش یافتن, اوج گرفتن

able to be changed from one form of currency, investment, or security into another

قابل‌تبدیل, قابل‌تسعیر

relating to the removal or reduction of governmental power or regulations from an industry, commodity, etc.

مربوط به مقررات‌زدایی

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

بسیار گران

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

مالی, مالیاتی، محاسباتی

relating to a policy in which private businesses are allowed to thrive without government control

سیاست اقتصاد آزاد, آزادی کسب‌وکار

‌not paid, done, etc. within the required or expected timeframe

عقب‌افتاده (بدهی), ازموعدگذشته, دارای‌دیرکرد

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

نفقه, خرجی

an unpaid debt that is past due

معوقه, بدهی عقب‌افتاده

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

وثیقه, تضمین

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

پاداش, تشویقی

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

حسابرسی

an act of giving money to a foreign country, a failing company, or an organization on the verge of collapse to ensure their safety from bankruptcy

کمک مالی (به منظور نجات از شکست یا ورشکستگی)

the state or condition of not having enough money to pay one's debts

ورشکستگی, افلاس, تنگدستی

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

مظنه, قیمت

a challenging situation caused by a shortage, such as time, money, or resources, that requires immediate attention or action

کمبود (منابع مالی و غیره), بحران مالی

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

تورم منفی, افت قیمت‌ها

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

سود (سهام و غیره), سود تقسیمی

(finance) the value of a company's shares in relation to its debts

نسبت‌های اهرمی, نسبت بدهی به دارایی

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

پول (برای آزادی گروگان), باج

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

یارانه, سوبسید

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

تعرفه

the act of loaning money to others and demanding a very high interest rate

رباخواری

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

نقدینگی, نقدشوندگی, گردش‌پذیری

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

مکتب پول‌گرایی, مکتب اصالت پول

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

رکود تورمی, ایستایی تورمی, تورم همراه با رکود اقتصادی

all the customers collectively

ارباب‌رجوع, مشتریان

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

شرکت خوشه‌ای, مجتمع تجاری یا صنعتی

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

شرکت تابعه, شرکت فرعی ( زیرمجموعه شرکت‌های دیگر)

an advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner

برنامه‌ی تلویزیونی تبلیغاتی, آگهی بازرگانی

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

کاهش هزینه‌ها

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

برون‌سپاری (خدمات), واگذاری (کار یا خدمات) به یک شرکت خارجی

a person whose job is to sell and buy assets and goods for other people

کارگزار, دلال

a person who lends money to people, typically under illegal conditions, at a very high rate of interest

رباخوار, نزول‌خوار

a rich and powerful person who is successful in business or industry

سرمایه‌دار پرنفوذ, سرمایه دار خیلی مهم

a wealthy, influential, and successful businessperson

سرمایه‌دار پرنفوذ, غول

(in business, politics, etc.) a situation in which the competition is so fierce that everyone is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, even if it means harming others

قانون جنگل