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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Peníze a podnikání

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o penězích a podnikání, jako je „soar“, „overdue“, „quotation“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to depreciate
[sloveso]

to diminish in value, especially over time

depreciovat, ztrácet na hodnotě

depreciovat, ztrácet na hodnotě

to fluctuate
[sloveso]

to vary or waver between two or more states or amounts

kolísat, fluktuovat

kolísat, fluktuovat

Ex: The economy is unstable , causing stock prices fluctuate wildly .
to plummet
[sloveso]

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

havarovat, prudce klesnout

havarovat, prudce klesnout

Ex: Political instability in the region caused tourism plummet, affecting the hospitality industry .
to soar
[sloveso]

to increase rapidly to a high level

vystoupat, vzletět

vystoupat, vzletět

Ex: The demand for electric cars is expected soar in the coming years as more people seek environmentally-friendly transportation options .
convertible
[Přídavné jméno]

able to be changed from one form of currency, investment, or security into another

převoditelný, konvertibilní

převoditelný, konvertibilní

Ex: convertible mortgage allows borrowers to switch between fixed and adjustable interest rates .
deregulatory
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the removal or reduction of governmental power or regulations from an industry, commodity, etc.

deregulační, odregulační

deregulační, odregulační

extravagant
[Přídavné jméno]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

extravagantní, přepychový

extravagantní, přepychový

Ex: The CEOextravagant spending habits raised eyebrows among shareholders and employees alike .
fiscal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

fiskální, finanční

fiskální, finanční

Ex: Fiscal responsibility is essential for maintaining the stability of the economy .
laissez-faire
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a policy in which private businesses are allowed to thrive without government control

laissez-faire, neřízený

laissez-faire, neřízený

overdue
[Přídavné jméno]

‌not paid, done, etc. within the required or expected timeframe

pozdní, zpožděný

pozdní, zpožděný

Ex: The rent payment overdue, and the landlord has issued a reminder .
alimony
[Podstatné jméno]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

výživné, alimenty

výživné, alimenty

Ex: The judge considered various factors in determining the amount alimony to be paid .
arrears
[Podstatné jméno]

an unpaid debt that is past due

dlužné částky, pozdní splátky

dlužné částky, pozdní splátky

Ex: Sarah finally cleared her arrears by entering into a payment plan with the IRS , relieving her of a considerable financial burden .
collateral
[Podstatné jméno]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

zajištění, zástava

zajištění, zástava

Ex: The entrepreneur pledged his stock portfolio collateral to secure the business loan needed to expand his company .
incentive
[Podstatné jméno]

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

podnět, incentiva

podnět, incentiva

Ex: The government introduced subsidies as incentive for farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices .
audit
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

audit, děrovačka

audit, děrovačka

Ex: The IRS conducted a audit to verify the accuracy of the individual 's tax returns .
bailout
[Podstatné jméno]

an act of giving money to a foreign country, a failing company, or an organization on the verge of collapse to ensure their safety from bankruptcy

záchranný balíček, finanční injekce

záchranný balíček, finanční injekce

insolvency
[Podstatné jméno]

the state or condition of not having enough money to pay one's debts

insolvence, platební neschopnost

insolvence, platební neschopnost

quotation
[Podstatné jméno]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

cenová nabídka, nabídka

cenová nabídka, nabídka

Ex: Before signing the contract , they reviewed quotation to ensure it aligned with their budget and expectations .
crunch
[Podstatné jméno]

a challenging situation caused by a shortage, such as time, money, or resources, that requires immediate attention or action

finanční krize, tlaková situace

finanční krize, tlaková situace

Ex: The team hit a crunch when supplies did n't arrive on time .
deflation
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflace, deflační proces

deflace, deflační proces

dividend
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

dividend, rozdělení zisku

dividend, rozdělení zisku

Ex: The board decided to increase dividend this year .
leverage
[Podstatné jméno]

(finance) the value of a company's shares in relation to its debts

páka, pákový efekt

páka, pákový efekt

ransom
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

výkupné, ransom

výkupné, ransom

Ex: Hostage negotiations are delicate processes aimed at securing the safe release of captives without ransom.
subsidy
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

dotace, subvence

dotace, subvence

Ex: The arts organization relies on subsidies to fund its cultural programs and events .
tariff
[Podstatné jméno]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

tarif, clo

tarif, clo

Ex: Businesses are concerned about tariff increases that could impact their supply chain costs .
usury
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of loaning money to others and demanding a very high interest rate

úžera, lichva

úžera, lichva

Ex: Traditional moneylenders in rural areas often usury, taking advantage of people 's lack of knowledge .
liquidity
[Podstatné jméno]

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

likvidita, likvidní aktiva

likvidita, likvidní aktiva

Ex: The central bank liquidity to the financial markets .
monetarism
[Podstatné jméno]

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

monetarismus, monetární teorie

monetarismus, monetární teorie

Ex: Supporters monetarism believe that a stable money supply ensures economic stability .
stagflation
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

stagflace, stagflační ekonomika

stagflace, stagflační ekonomika

Ex: Policymakers were puzzled by stagflation, as both inflation and unemployment rose .
clientele
[Podstatné jméno]

all the customers collectively

klientela, zákazníci

klientela, zákazníci

conglomerate
[Podstatné jméno]

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

koncern, konglomerát

koncern, konglomerát

Ex: Shareholders expressed concerns about conglomerate's complex corporate structure and urged management to streamline operations for better efficiency .
subsidiary
[Podstatné jméno]

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

dceřiná společnost, subsidiární společnost

dceřiná společnost, subsidiární společnost

Ex: The retail chain subsidiaries in different countries .
infomercial
[Podstatné jméno]

an advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner

informační reklama, reklamní pořad

informační reklama, reklamní pořad

Ex: The fitness guru starred in infomercial, explaining the benefits of their workout program and offering a special discount to viewers who order within the next 30 minutes .
curtailment
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

omezování, snížení

omezování, snížení

Ex: Curtailment of capital expenditures was necessary to preserve cash flow during the financial downturn.
outsourcing
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

externí poskytování služeb, outsourcing

externí poskytování služeb, outsourcing

broker
[Podstatné jméno]

a person whose job is to sell and buy assets and goods for other people

makléř, zprostředkovatel

makléř, zprostředkovatel

loan shark
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who lends money to people, typically under illegal conditions, at a very high rate of interest

úvěrový žralok, půjčovatel na úrok

úvěrový žralok, půjčovatel na úrok

Ex: We heard stories of people who had borrowed loan sharks and suffered dire consequences as a result .
tycoon
[Podstatné jméno]

a rich and powerful person who is successful in business or industry

magnát, tyč

magnát, tyč

magnate
[Podstatné jméno]

a wealthy, influential, and successful businessperson

magnát, magnátka

magnát, magnátka

Ex: magnate Donald Trump leveraged his family 's business into a globally recognized brand throughout hotels , casinos and television .
dog eat dog
[fráze]

(in business, politics, etc.) a situation in which the competition is so fierce that everyone is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, even if it means harming others

Ex: The competition for the job is fierce , and it 's dog eat dog situation .
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