Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Money and Business

Here you will learn some English words about money and business, such as "soar", "overdue", "quotation", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL

to vary or waver between two or more states or amounts

Ex: Her weight fluctuates depending on her diet and exercise routine .

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

Ex: The housing market experienced a downturn , causing property values to plummet rapidly .
to soar [verb]

to increase rapidly to a high level

Ex: The popularity of the new restaurant caused its reservations to soar within days of opening .
convertible [adjective]

able to be changed from one form of currency, investment, or security into another

Ex: The convertible preferred stock can be converted into a specified number of common shares .
deregulatory [adjective]

relating to the removal or reduction of governmental power or regulations from an industry, commodity, etc.

extravagant [adjective]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

Ex: The hotel 's extravagant suites offered breathtaking views and personalized butler service .
fiscal [adjective]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

Ex:
laissez-faire [adjective]

relating to a policy in which private businesses are allowed to thrive without government control

overdue [adjective]

‌not paid, done, etc. within the required or expected timeframe

Ex: The project deadline is overdue , and we need to catch up on our tasks .
alimony [noun]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

Ex: The terms of the divorce settlement included provisions for alimony and child support .
arrears [noun]

money that is owed and not yet paid

Ex: Interest continued to accumulate on the outstanding arrears .

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

Ex: In the event of default , the lender has the right to seize and sell the collateral to recover the outstanding debt .

a payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific

Ex: The loyalty program offered discounts and rewards as incentives for frequent customers .
audit [noun]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

Ex:
bailout [noun]

an act of giving money to a foreign country, a failing company, or an organization on the verge of collapse to ensure their safety from bankruptcy

the state or condition of not having enough money to pay one's debts

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

Ex: The company sent a quotation to the client outlining the costs and timeline for the software development project .
crunch [noun]

a challenging situation caused by a shortage, such as time, money, or resources, that requires immediate attention or action

Ex: The hospital experienced a staffing crunch during flu season .

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

dividend [noun]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

Ex: She reinvested her dividends to buy more shares .
leverage [noun]

(finance) the value of a company's shares in relation to its debts

ransom [noun]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

Ex: The pirates released the crew unharmed after receiving the agreed-upon ransom from the shipping company .
subsidy [noun]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

Ex: The local council offers subsidies to businesses that implement environmentally friendly practices .
tariff [noun]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

Ex: Negotiations between countries often focus on reducing tariffs to promote free trade .
usury [noun]

the practice of lending money at excessively high interest rates, considered unethical or illegal

Ex: He made a fortune through usury , preying on desperate borrowers .

financial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money

Ex: During a crisis , liquidity can be a lifeline for businesses .

the theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy

Ex: Monetarism suggests that inflation can be controlled by regulating the money supply .

an economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate

Ex: The government tried various strategies to combat stagflation with limited success .

the collective body of clients served by a business, professional, or institution

Ex: The restaurant catered to an upscale clientele with refined tastes .

a corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses

Ex: The conglomerate 's stock price soared after announcing plans to divest non-core businesses and focus on its core strengths .

a business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company

Ex: The subsidiary operates independently but reports to the parent company .

an advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner

Ex: The company produced an infomercial to showcase their innovative cleaning solution , highlighting its effectiveness through before-and-after shots .

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

Ex: The curtailment of certain benefits led to employee dissatisfaction and increased turnover .

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

broker [noun]

a person whose job is to sell and buy assets and goods for other people

a person who lends money to people, typically under illegal conditions, at a very high rate of interest

Ex: The government is taking steps to crack down on illegal loan shark operations in the city .
tycoon [noun]

a rich and powerful person who is successful in business or industry

magnate [noun]

a wealthy, influential, and successful businessperson

Ex: Real estate magnate Donald Trump leveraged his family 's business into a globally recognized brand throughout hotels , casinos and television .
dog eat dog [phrase]

(in business, politics, etc.) a situation in which the competition is so fierce that everyone is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, even if it means harming others

Ex: The competition for the job is fierce , and it 's a dog eat dog situation .