ログイン
a sequence or chain of linguistic units, such as words or morphemes, that are linked together to form a larger structure
チェーン
the relationship between words or constituents in a sentence that determines their roles and functions within the sentence
文法的関係
a type of word that serves a grammatical or structural role in a sentence rather than carrying lexical meaning
機能語
a word, phrase, or clause that is mentioned prior to a pronoun or anaphoric expression and to which the pronoun or anaphor refers
アンテセデント
a concept within the field of syntax and semantics in linguistics that refers to the grammatical and semantic relationships between pronouns, reflexives, and their antecedents within a sentence or discourse
束縛
a syntactic relationship between two clauses where the subject of one clause determines the interpretation or reference of an element in the other clause
コントロール
a linguistic relationship where two or more linguistic expressions within a discourse refer to the same entity in the world
照応
a syntactic phenomenon in English where the auxiliary verb "do" is used to form questions, negatives, and emphatic statements in certain contexts
doサポート
a syntactic phenomenon in which a verb assigns accusative case to a noun phrase that is syntactically an object but semantically related to a higher clause
例外的ケースマーキング
a syntactic process in which a constituent is moved from its canonical position to a non-canonical position in a sentence for the purpose of improving readability or emphasizing certain elements
エクストラポジション
a syntactic phenomenon where non-finite verbs or verb phrases are omitted in coordinated clauses, with only the shared elements being expressed, resulting in a shortened or elliptical sentence structure
ギャッピング
a linguistic phenomenon where multiple verbs are consecutively combined in a single clause without explicit marking or coordination, resulting in a complex verb phrase
動詞スタッキング
an empty or unpronounced position within a sentence or phrase, typically representing a missing word or element that is implied or understood from the context
ギャップ
a sentence structure where a verb is missing, but the meaning can still be understood based on the context, creating a sense of omission or gap in the sentence
擬似ギャップ
a syntactic process in which a verb or predicate raises its subject to a higher syntactic position, often resulting in a mismatch between the surface structure and the underlying syntactic structure
昇格
a syntactic phenomenon where multiple constituents to the right of a shared verb are "raised" or elided, except for the rightmost one, creating a parallel structure
右ノードの昇格
the movement or reordering of constituents within a sentence, often for reasons of emphasis, focus, or stylistic variation
シフト
(in syntax) a process of omitting some words or phrases of a clause which are repetitive and could be understood from the context
省略
the linguistic process of placing a specific word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence to highlight and give emphasis to the topic being discussed
主題化
a syntactic phenomenon in which the object of a verb appears to move to the subject position in a sentence, often resulting in a complex and challenging grammatical structure
難しい移動
a grammatical aspect that indicates the beginning or initiation of an action or state
初動相
(grammar) the use of a word or phrase that refers to or has the same meaning as a later word
カタフォラ
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
屈折
the property of a verb or an event that indicates whether it is viewed as having a definite endpoint or culmination, distinguishing between activities and accomplishments or achievements
テリシティ
a word, sentence, etc. that is explanatory and the meaning of the sentence is complete without it being inserted, usually coming between curved brackets, commas or dashes
かっこ
(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence
同格
a grammatical process where two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance are joined together using conjunctions like "and" or "or" to express a relationship between them
対等接続
(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to
数
(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter
性
(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation
人
(grammar) a set of linguistic structures that refer to the speaker or writer of the discourse
一人称
(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence
a category of words that has a limited number of members and does not readily accept new additions, including pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and certain adverbs
閉じられたクラスの言葉
a category of words that can expand and accept new members, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
オープンクラス語
(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number
合意
a linguistic category that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, typically reflecting its role as a subject, object, or modifier
文法的格
a word or phrase that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause, indicating a relationship of dependence or subordination between the two clauses
従属接続詞
(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words
接続詞
a word or phrase that connects two or more elements of equal grammatical importance, such as words, phrases, or clauses, within a sentence
対等接続詞
a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect two or more elements of equal importance in a sentence, such as "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor"
対義語接続詞
the grammatical rule that a verb must agree in number and person with its subject, meaning that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb
主語と動詞の一致
the placement of an element, typically a word or phrase, between other elements in a sentence, disrupting the typical linear order of constituents
介入
a word used to introduce a question or a relative clause, typically including words like "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how"
疑問詞
a linguistic category that serves a grammatical or structural function in a sentence
機能的カテゴリ
a word that joins two parts of a sentence, like the main clause and a subordinate clause, indicating how they relate to each other
補語化詞
a word or phrase that is used to emphasize or strengthen the meaning of another word or phrase in a sentence
強調詞
a linguistic phenomenon that involves expressing a single grammatical meaning using multiple words or a phrase instead of a single word
周辺表現
a grammatical element that provides additional information or adds extra meaning to a sentence, but is not essential to its basic structure or meaning
付加語
an adverbial element that provides additional information or commentary on the main clause or sentence, expressing the speaker's attitude, viewpoint, or evaluation
分辺詞
a word or phrase that provides additional information or description about a noun, clarifying its characteristics, qualities, or attributes within a sentence
名詞修飾子
(grammar) a pair of words in the same grammatical category that are joined by a conjunction, usually 'and' or 'or', with a fixed order
二項
(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way
ムード
(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb
時制
(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.
代名詞
(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation
限定詞
a word or a morpheme that combines with a noun phrase or a pronoun to express its syntactic relationship to other parts of a sentence
前置詞
a grammatical error or deviation from accepted language norms that occurs in speech or writing
ソレシズム
a type of language in which pronouns can be omitted or dropped from sentences without causing ambiguity or loss of grammaticality
プロドロップ言語
a language in which sentence structure is influenced by the topic of discourse, emphasizing information rather than grammatical subjects or verbs
トピック重視の言語
