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a sequence or chain of linguistic units, such as words or morphemes, that are linked together to form a larger structure
链, 序列
the relationship between words or constituents in a sentence that determines their roles and functions within the sentence
语法关系, 语法关联
a type of word that serves a grammatical or structural role in a sentence rather than carrying lexical meaning
功能词, 语法词
a word, phrase, or clause that is mentioned prior to a pronoun or anaphoric expression and to which the pronoun or anaphor refers
前置词, 前述词
a concept within the field of syntax and semantics in linguistics that refers to the grammatical and semantic relationships between pronouns, reflexives, and their antecedents within a sentence or discourse
绑定, 约束
a syntactic relationship between two clauses where the subject of one clause determines the interpretation or reference of an element in the other clause
控制, 句法控制
a linguistic relationship where two or more linguistic expressions within a discourse refer to the same entity in the world
共指, 互指
a syntactic phenomenon in English where the auxiliary verb "do" is used to form questions, negatives, and emphatic statements in certain contexts
do支持, 'do'的用法
a syntactic phenomenon in which a verb assigns accusative case to a noun phrase that is syntactically an object but semantically related to a higher clause
例外情况标记, 特殊案例标记
a syntactic process in which a constituent is moved from its canonical position to a non-canonical position in a sentence for the purpose of improving readability or emphasizing certain elements
移位构造, 置后结构
a syntactic phenomenon where non-finite verbs or verb phrases are omitted in coordinated clauses, with only the shared elements being expressed, resulting in a shortened or elliptical sentence structure
省略, 缺失
a linguistic phenomenon where multiple verbs are consecutively combined in a single clause without explicit marking or coordination, resulting in a complex verb phrase
动词堆叠, 动词叠加
an empty or unpronounced position within a sentence or phrase, typically representing a missing word or element that is implied or understood from the context
空缺, 缺口
a sentence structure where a verb is missing, but the meaning can still be understood based on the context, creating a sense of omission or gap in the sentence
伪缺口, 伪空缺
a syntactic process in which a verb or predicate raises its subject to a higher syntactic position, often resulting in a mismatch between the surface structure and the underlying syntactic structure
提高, 提升
a syntactic phenomenon where multiple constituents to the right of a shared verb are "raised" or elided, except for the rightmost one, creating a parallel structure
右节点提升, 右节点抬升
the movement or reordering of constituents within a sentence, often for reasons of emphasis, focus, or stylistic variation
转移, 变动
(in syntax) a process of omitting some words or phrases of a clause which are repetitive and could be understood from the context
省略, 删减
the linguistic process of placing a specific word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence to highlight and give emphasis to the topic being discussed
主题化, 专题化
a syntactic phenomenon in which the object of a verb appears to move to the subject position in a sentence, often resulting in a complex and challenging grammatical structure
困难运动, 复杂运动
a grammatical aspect that indicates the beginning or initiation of an action or state
开始体, 初动相
(grammar) the use of a word or phrase that refers to or has the same meaning as a later word
照应词
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
词尾变化, 屈折变换
the property of a verb or an event that indicates whether it is viewed as having a definite endpoint or culmination, distinguishing between activities and accomplishments or achievements
目标性, 完结性
a word, sentence, etc. that is explanatory and the meaning of the sentence is complete without it being inserted, usually coming between curved brackets, commas or dashes
括号, 插入语
(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence
同位语, 同位
a grammatical process where two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance are joined together using conjunctions like "and" or "or" to express a relationship between them
协调, 语法协调
(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to
数字, 数量
(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter
性别, 语法性别
(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation
人, 语法中的人
(grammar) a set of linguistic structures that refer to the speaker or writer of the discourse
第一人称
(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence
a category of words that has a limited number of members and does not readily accept new additions, including pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and certain adverbs
封闭类词, 封闭类单词
a category of words that can expand and accept new members, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
开放词类, 开放类词语
(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number
一致, 协调
a linguistic category that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, typically reflecting its role as a subject, object, or modifier
语法格, 句法格
a word or phrase that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause, indicating a relationship of dependence or subordination between the two clauses
从属连词, 附属连词
(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words
连词
a word or phrase that connects two or more elements of equal grammatical importance, such as words, phrases, or clauses, within a sentence
并列连词, 协调连词
a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect two or more elements of equal importance in a sentence, such as "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor"
关联连词, 成对连词
the grammatical rule that a verb must agree in number and person with its subject, meaning that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb
主谓一致, 主语与动词的一致性
the placement of an element, typically a word or phrase, between other elements in a sentence, disrupting the typical linear order of constituents
介入, 放置
a word used to introduce a question or a relative clause, typically including words like "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how"
疑问词, 关系词
a linguistic category that serves a grammatical or structural function in a sentence
功能类别, 句法类别
a word that joins two parts of a sentence, like the main clause and a subordinate clause, indicating how they relate to each other
补全词, 连词
a word or phrase that is used to emphasize or strengthen the meaning of another word or phrase in a sentence
强化词
a linguistic phenomenon that involves expressing a single grammatical meaning using multiple words or a phrase instead of a single word
周边表达
(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion
感叹词, 插入语
a grammatical element that provides additional information or adds extra meaning to a sentence, but is not essential to its basic structure or meaning
附加成分, 附属词
an adverbial element that provides additional information or commentary on the main clause or sentence, expressing the speaker's attitude, viewpoint, or evaluation
分离词, 分离成分
a word or phrase that provides additional information or description about a noun, clarifying its characteristics, qualities, or attributes within a sentence
名词修饰语, 名词的修饰语
(grammar) a pair of words in the same grammatical category that are joined by a conjunction, usually 'and' or 'or', with a fixed order
二项
(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way
语气, 情绪
(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb
时态, 紧张
(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.
代词
(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation
限定词, 冠词
a word or a morpheme that combines with a noun phrase or a pronoun to express its syntactic relationship to other parts of a sentence
介词
a grammatical error or deviation from accepted language norms that occurs in speech or writing
孤雌词形式
a type of language in which pronouns can be omitted or dropped from sentences without causing ambiguity or loss of grammaticality
省略代词语言, 可以省略代词的语言
a language in which sentence structure is influenced by the topic of discourse, emphasizing information rather than grammatical subjects or verbs
主题突出的语言, 主题中心语言
