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Ngôn Ngữ Học - Syntax
Ở đây bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến cú pháp như "từ chức năng", "nghi vấn" và "trung tính".
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Đố vui
a sequence or chain of linguistic units, such as words or morphemes, that are linked together to form a larger structure
chuỗi, dãy
the relationship between words or constituents in a sentence that determines their roles and functions within the sentence
quan hệ ngữ pháp, mối liên hệ ngữ pháp
a type of word that serves a grammatical or structural role in a sentence rather than carrying lexical meaning
từ chức năng, từ ngữ pháp
a word, phrase, or clause that is mentioned prior to a pronoun or anaphoric expression and to which the pronoun or anaphor refers
tiền tố, tiền thân
a concept within the field of syntax and semantics in linguistics that refers to the grammatical and semantic relationships between pronouns, reflexives, and their antecedents within a sentence or discourse
ràng buộc, liên kết
a syntactic relationship between two clauses where the subject of one clause determines the interpretation or reference of an element in the other clause
kiểm soát, quyền kiểm soát
a linguistic relationship where two or more linguistic expressions within a discourse refer to the same entity in the world
đồng tham chiếu, mối quan hệ đồng tham chiếu
a syntactic phenomenon in English where the auxiliary verb "do" is used to form questions, negatives, and emphatic statements in certain contexts
hỗ trợ do, hiện tượng cú pháp của do
a syntactic phenomenon in which a verb assigns accusative case to a noun phrase that is syntactically an object but semantically related to a higher clause
đánh dấu trường hợp ngoại lệ, gán trường hợp ngoại lệ
a syntactic process in which a constituent is moved from its canonical position to a non-canonical position in a sentence for the purpose of improving readability or emphasizing certain elements
sự ngoại vị, quá trình chuyển dịch cú pháp
a syntactic phenomenon where non-finite verbs or verb phrases are omitted in coordinated clauses, with only the shared elements being expressed, resulting in a shortened or elliptical sentence structure
gapping, hiện tượng tỉnh lược cú pháp
a linguistic phenomenon where multiple verbs are consecutively combined in a single clause without explicit marking or coordination, resulting in a complex verb phrase
xếp chồng động từ, sự kết hợp động từ liên tiếp
an empty or unpronounced position within a sentence or phrase, typically representing a missing word or element that is implied or understood from the context
khoảng trống, lỗ hổng
a sentence structure where a verb is missing, but the meaning can still be understood based on the context, creating a sense of omission or gap in the sentence
pseudogapping, cấu trúc câu với động từ bị lược bỏ
a syntactic process in which a verb or predicate raises its subject to a higher syntactic position, often resulting in a mismatch between the surface structure and the underlying syntactic structure
nâng cao, tăng lên
a syntactic phenomenon where multiple constituents to the right of a shared verb are "raised" or elided, except for the rightmost one, creating a parallel structure
nâng nút phải, nâng cao nút phải
the movement or reordering of constituents within a sentence, often for reasons of emphasis, focus, or stylistic variation
sự dịch chuyển, sự sắp xếp lại
(in syntax) a process of omitting some words or phrases of a clause which are repetitive and could be understood from the context
sự lược bỏ, sự bỏ qua
the linguistic process of placing a specific word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence to highlight and give emphasis to the topic being discussed
sự chủ đề hóa, nhấn mạnh bằng cách chủ đề hóa
a syntactic phenomenon in which the object of a verb appears to move to the subject position in a sentence, often resulting in a complex and challenging grammatical structure
chuyển động khó, hiện tượng cú pháp phức tạp
a grammatical aspect that indicates the beginning or initiation of an action or state
khía cạnh khởi đầu, khía cạnh bắt đầu
(grammar) the use of a word or phrase that refers to or has the same meaning as a later word
cataphora, việc sử dụng một từ hoặc cụm từ đề cập đến hoặc có cùng nghĩa với một từ sau đó
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
biến cách, sự biến đổi danh từ
the property of a verb or an event that indicates whether it is viewed as having a definite endpoint or culmination, distinguishing between activities and accomplishments or achievements
tính hoàn thành, thuộc tính hoàn thành
a word, sentence, etc. that is explanatory and the meaning of the sentence is complete without it being inserted, usually coming between curved brackets, commas or dashes
dấu ngoặc đơn, lời chú thích
(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question
từ nghi vấn, từ hỏi
(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence
sự đặt cạnh nhau, phép đồng vị
a grammatical process where two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance are joined together using conjunctions like "and" or "or" to express a relationship between them
sự phối hợp
(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to
số, số ngữ pháp
(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter
giống
(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation
ngôi, nhân vật
(grammar) a set of linguistic structures that refer to the speaker or writer of the discourse
ngôi thứ nhất, ngôi thứ nhất (ngữ pháp)
a grammatical structure or form of a word that refers to more than one
dạng số nhiều
(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine
giống trung, trung tính
(grammar) a word or grammatical form that refers to females
giống cái, từ chỉ giống cái
(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence
a category of words that has a limited number of members and does not readily accept new additions, including pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and certain adverbs
từ loại đóng, từ thuộc lớp đóng
a category of words that can expand and accept new members, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
từ lớp mở, thuật ngữ lớp mở
(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number
sự hòa hợp, thỏa thuận
a linguistic category that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, typically reflecting its role as a subject, object, or modifier
trường hợp ngữ pháp, trường hợp
a word or phrase that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause, indicating a relationship of dependence or subordination between the two clauses
liên từ phụ thuộc, từ nối phụ thuộc
(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words
liên từ, từ nối
a word or phrase that connects two or more elements of equal grammatical importance, such as words, phrases, or clauses, within a sentence
liên từ kết hợp, từ nối phối hợp
a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect two or more elements of equal importance in a sentence, such as "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor"
liên từ tương quan, cặp liên từ tương quan
the grammatical rule that a verb must agree in number and person with its subject, meaning that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb
sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ-động từ, thỏa thuận chủ ngữ-động từ
the placement of an element, typically a word or phrase, between other elements in a sentence, disrupting the typical linear order of constituents
sự xen vào, sự chèn vào
a word used to introduce a question or a relative clause, typically including words like "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how"
từ hỏi, từ quan hệ
a linguistic category that serves a grammatical or structural function in a sentence
loại chức năng
a word that joins two parts of a sentence, like the main clause and a subordinate clause, indicating how they relate to each other
từ bổ trợ, từ nối
a word or phrase that is used to emphasize or strengthen the meaning of another word or phrase in a sentence
từ tăng cường, từ nhấn mạnh
a linguistic phenomenon that involves expressing a single grammatical meaning using multiple words or a phrase instead of a single word
cách nói vòng, lối nói quanh co
(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion
thán từ, lời cảm thán
a grammatical element that provides additional information or adds extra meaning to a sentence, but is not essential to its basic structure or meaning
bổ ngữ, phụ tố
an adverbial element that provides additional information or commentary on the main clause or sentence, expressing the speaker's attitude, viewpoint, or evaluation
từ tách rời, trạng ngữ bình luận
a word or phrase that provides additional information or description about a noun, clarifying its characteristics, qualities, or attributes within a sentence
bổ ngữ danh từ, từ bổ nghĩa danh từ
(grammar) a pair of words in the same grammatical category that are joined by a conjunction, usually 'and' or 'or', with a fixed order
nhị thức, cặp từ nhị thức
(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way
thức, phương thức
(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb
thì, thì của động từ
(grammar) a word or phrase used to describe an action, state, or experience
động từ, động từ
a word that is used to name a person, thing, event, state, etc.
danh từ, từ danh từ
(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.
đại từ, từ có thể thay thế cho danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ
a type of word that describes a noun
tính từ, từ mô tả
(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation
từ hạn định, mạo từ
a word that gives more information about a verb, adjective, or another adverb
trạng từ, một từ cung cấp thêm thông tin về một động từ
a word or a morpheme that combines with a noun phrase or a pronoun to express its syntactic relationship to other parts of a sentence
giới từ, tiền tố hoặc hậu tố
a grammatical error or deviation from accepted language norms that occurs in speech or writing
lỗi ngữ pháp, sai sót ngữ pháp
a type of language in which pronouns can be omitted or dropped from sentences without causing ambiguity or loss of grammaticality
ngôn ngữ pro-drop, ngôn ngữ bỏ đại từ
a language in which sentence structure is influenced by the topic of discourse, emphasizing information rather than grammatical subjects or verbs
ngôn ngữ chủ đề nổi bật, ngôn ngữ tập trung vào chủ đề
(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase
phép lặp đầu câu, sự lặp lại
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