Ngôn Ngữ Học - Syntax

a sequence or chain of linguistic units, such as words or morphemes, that are linked together to form a larger structure

chuỗi, dãy

the relationship between words or constituents in a sentence that determines their roles and functions within the sentence

quan hệ ngữ pháp, mối liên hệ ngữ pháp

a type of word that serves a grammatical or structural role in a sentence rather than carrying lexical meaning

từ chức năng, từ ngữ pháp

a word, phrase, or clause that is mentioned prior to a pronoun or anaphoric expression and to which the pronoun or anaphor refers

có trước, trước đây

a concept within the field of syntax and semantics in linguistics that refers to the grammatical and semantic relationships between pronouns, reflexives, and their antecedents within a sentence or discourse

ràng buộc, nghĩa vụ

a syntactic relationship between two clauses where the subject of one clause determines the interpretation or reference of an element in the other clause

kiểm soát, kiểm soát cú pháp

a linguistic relationship where two or more linguistic expressions within a discourse refer to the same entity in the world

tham chiếu đồng thời, tham chiếu chéo

a syntactic phenomenon in English where the auxiliary verb "do" is used to form questions, negatives, and emphatic statements in certain contexts

hỗ trợ 'do', sử dụng 'do'

a syntactic phenomenon in which a verb assigns accusative case to a noun phrase that is syntactically an object but semantically related to a higher clause

đánh dấu trường hợp ngoại lệ, đánh dấu ngoại lệ

a syntactic process in which a constituent is moved from its canonical position to a non-canonical position in a sentence for the purpose of improving readability or emphasizing certain elements

thêm vị trí, vị trí mở rộng (ngữ pháp)

a syntactic phenomenon where non-finite verbs or verb phrases are omitted in coordinated clauses, with only the shared elements being expressed, resulting in a shortened or elliptical sentence structure

gapping, bỏ qua

a linguistic phenomenon where multiple verbs are consecutively combined in a single clause without explicit marking or coordination, resulting in a complex verb phrase

xếp chồng động từ, chồng chéo động từ

an empty or unpronounced position within a sentence or phrase, typically representing a missing word or element that is implied or understood from the context

khoảng trống, khoảng cách

a sentence structure where a verb is missing, but the meaning can still be understood based on the context, creating a sense of omission or gap in the sentence

khoảng trống giả, vết xước giả

a syntactic process in which a verb or predicate raises its subject to a higher syntactic position, often resulting in a mismatch between the surface structure and the underlying syntactic structure

nâng cao, tăng cường

a syntactic phenomenon where multiple constituents to the right of a shared verb are "raised" or elided, except for the rightmost one, creating a parallel structure

nâng cao nút bên phải, nâng nút bên phải

the movement or reordering of constituents within a sentence, often for reasons of emphasis, focus, or stylistic variation

chuyển đổi, thay đổi

(in syntax) a process of omitting some words or phrases of a clause which are repetitive and could be understood from the context

loại bỏ, bỏ qua

the linguistic process of placing a specific word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence to highlight and give emphasis to the topic being discussed

thẩm định chủ đề, đưa ra chủ đề

a syntactic phenomenon in which the object of a verb appears to move to the subject position in a sentence, often resulting in a complex and challenging grammatical structure

chuyển động khó khăn, chuyển động phức tạp

a grammatical aspect that indicates the beginning or initiation of an action or state

khía cạnh inchoative, khía cạnh khởi đầu

(grammar) the use of a word or phrase that refers to or has the same meaning as a later word

cataphora

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

declension, biến thể ngữ pháp

the property of a verb or an event that indicates whether it is viewed as having a definite endpoint or culmination, distinguishing between activities and accomplishments or achievements

tính đến hạn, thuộc tính đích

a word, sentence, etc. that is explanatory and the meaning of the sentence is complete without it being inserted, usually coming between curved brackets, commas or dashes

dấu ngoặc, thêm thông tin

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

từ nghi vấn, từ hỏi

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

cấu trúc đồng cách, đồng cách

a grammatical process where two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance are joined together using conjunctions like "and" or "or" to express a relationship between them

phối hợp, phối hợp ngữ pháp

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

số, số lượng

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

giới, giới ngữ pháp

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

người, người ngữ pháp

(grammar) a set of linguistic structures that refer to the speaker or writer of the discourse

ngôi thứ nhất

a grammatical structure or form of a word that refers to more than one

dạng số nhiều, thuật ngữ số nhiều

(grammar) a word or grammatical form that refers to males

giống đực

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

giống trung

(grammar) a word or grammatical form that refers to females

giống cái

(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence

a category of words that has a limited number of members and does not readily accept new additions, including pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and certain adverbs

từ lớp kín, lớp từ kín

a category of words that can expand and accept new members, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

từ loại mở, thuật ngữ loại mở

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

thỏa thuận, sự đồng nhất

a linguistic category that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, typically reflecting its role as a subject, object, or modifier

thể loại ngữ pháp, trường hợp cú pháp

a word or phrase that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause, indicating a relationship of dependence or subordination between the two clauses

liên từ phụ, từ kết nối phụ

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

liên từ

a word or phrase that connects two or more elements of equal grammatical importance, such as words, phrases, or clauses, within a sentence

liên từ phối hợp, liên từ đồng chức

a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect two or more elements of equal importance in a sentence, such as "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor"

liên từ tương quan, liên từ cặp

the grammatical rule that a verb must agree in number and person with its subject, meaning that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb

sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ, sự tương ứng giữa chủ ngữ và động từ

the placement of an element, typically a word or phrase, between other elements in a sentence, disrupting the typical linear order of constituents

can thiệp, đặt

a word used to introduce a question or a relative clause, typically including words like "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how"

từ để hỏi, từ quan hệ

a linguistic category that serves a grammatical or structural function in a sentence

thể loại chức năng, thể loại ngữ pháp

a word that joins two parts of a sentence, like the main clause and a subordinate clause, indicating how they relate to each other

người bổ sung, từ liên kết

a word or phrase that is used to emphasize or strengthen the meaning of another word or phrase in a sentence

cường điệu từ

a linguistic phenomenon that involves expressing a single grammatical meaning using multiple words or a phrase instead of a single word

câu vòng vo

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

thán từ, tiếng kêu

a grammatical element that provides additional information or adds extra meaning to a sentence, but is not essential to its basic structure or meaning

phần bổ sung, từ phụ

an adverbial element that provides additional information or commentary on the main clause or sentence, expressing the speaker's attitude, viewpoint, or evaluation

phân kỳ, yếu tố phân kỳ

a word or phrase that provides additional information or description about a noun, clarifying its characteristics, qualities, or attributes within a sentence

bổ nghĩa danh từ, thành phần bổ sung danh từ

(grammar) a pair of words in the same grammatical category that are joined by a conjunction, usually 'and' or 'or', with a fixed order

nhị thức

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

thì, tâm trạng

(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb

thời gian, căng thẳng

(grammar) a word or phrase used to describe an action, state, or experience

động từ

a word that is used to name a person, thing, event, state, etc.

danh từ, tên

(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.

đại từ

a type of word that describes a noun

tính từ

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

từ xác định, mạo từ

a word that gives more information about a verb, adjective, or another adverb

trạng từ

a word or a morpheme that combines with a noun phrase or a pronoun to express its syntactic relationship to other parts of a sentence

địa vị

a grammatical error or deviation from accepted language norms that occurs in speech or writing

solecism

a type of language in which pronouns can be omitted or dropped from sentences without causing ambiguity or loss of grammaticality

ngôn ngữ pro-drop, ngôn ngữ bỏ đại từ

a language in which sentence structure is influenced by the topic of discourse, emphasizing information rather than grammatical subjects or verbs

ngôn ngữ nổi bật theo chủ đề, ngôn ngữ tập trung vào chủ đề

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

anaphora