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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 家族と関係

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「知人」、「枝」、「互換性がある」など、家族や関係についてのいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
acquaintance
acquaintance
[名詞]

a person whom one knows but is not a close friend

知人, 関係

知人, 関係

Ex: She bumped into an old acquaintance at the grocery store and exchanged pleasantries. 

彼女は食料品店で昔の知り合いにばったり会い、挨拶を交わした。

band
band
[名詞]

a group of people who come together for a particular purpose, often because they share common interests or beliefs

グループ, 集団

グループ, 集団

Ex: The protesters formed a band to voice their concerns about the new policy. 

抗議者たちは新しい政策についての懸念を表明するためにグループを結成しました。

bond
bond
[名詞]

a relationship between people or groups based on shared experiences, ideas, or emotions

絆, 結びつき

絆, 結びつき

Ex: The teammates developed a strong bond during the championship season. 

チームメイトはチャンピオンシップシーズン中に強いを築きました。

adultery
adultery
[名詞]

sexual intercourse involving a married person and someone other than their spouse

姦通, 不貞

姦通, 不貞

Ex: Despite their vows of fidelity, she discovered evidence of her husband's adultery with a coworker. 

忠実の誓いにもかかわらず、彼女は夫の同僚との不貞の証拠を発見した。

affair
affair
[名詞]

a sexual relationship between two people in which at least one of them is already committed to someone else

不倫, 情事

不倫, 情事

Ex: She was heartbroken when she discovered her husband was having an affair with a colleague. 

彼女は、夫が同僚と不倫関係にあることを知ったとき、心が張り裂けそうだった

ally
ally
[名詞]

someone who helps or supports someone else in certain activities or against someone else

味方, 支持者

味方, 支持者

Ex: She found a reliable ally in her coworker, who always supported her ideas during meetings. 

彼女は会議中にいつも彼女のアイデアを支持してくれた同僚に信頼できる味方を見つけた。

ancestor
ancestor
[名詞]

a blood relative who lived a long time ago, usually before one's grandparents

先祖, 祖先

先祖, 祖先

Ex: She discovered that one of her ancestors had fought in the Civil War. 

彼女は、自分の祖先の一人が南北戦争で戦ったことを発見した。

ancestry
ancestry
[名詞]

the people from whom a person is descended

祖先, 血統

祖先, 血統

Ex: She traced her ancestry back to the 16th century. 

彼女は自分の祖先を16世紀までさかのぼってたどった。

branch
branch
[名詞]

a subdivision or a group of members of an extended family sharing the same ancestors

枝, 家系

枝, 家系

Ex: The reunion brought together every branch of the extended family, some of whom hadn't seen each other in decades. 

再会は、拡大家族のすべてのを集め、そのうちのいくつかは数十年間会っていませんでした。

clan
clan
[名詞]

a large group of people who are related to each other

一族, 大家族

一族, 大家族

Ex: The entire clan gathered for the annual family reunion, filling the park with laughter and shared memories. 

一族全員が年に一度の家族の集まりに集まり、公園を笑い声と共有された思い出で満たした。

adoptive
adoptive
[形容詞]

(of a child or parent) related through adoption

養子の

養子の

Ex: The adoptive parents showered their new child with love and affection from the moment they brought them home. 

養子縁組の親は、新しい子供を家に連れて帰った瞬間から、愛情と慈愛を注ぎました。

biracial
biracial
[形容詞]

representing or involving members of two different races

バイレイシャル, 二つの人種の

バイレイシャル, 二つの人種の

Ex: The biracial child proudly embraces both sides of their cultural heritage, celebrating diversity and inclusivity. 

混血の子供は、文化的遺産の両方を誇りを持って受け入れ、多様性と包括性を祝います。

to cheat on
to cheat on
[動詞]

to have a secret romantic or sexual relationship with someone other than one's own partner

浮気する

浮気する

Ex: She discovered that her partner had cheated on her with a co-worker. 

彼女はパートナーが同僚と浮気していたことを発見した。

breakup
breakup
[名詞]

the end of a relationship or an association

別れ, 破局

別れ, 破局

Ex: The sudden breakup of their ten-year marriage shocked all their friends and family. 

10年間の結婚生活の突然の破局は、すべての友人と家族を驚かせた。

brotherly
brotherly
[形容詞]

showing a level of love or care that one would only expect a brother to have

兄弟のような, 兄弟愛に満ちた

兄弟のような, 兄弟愛に満ちた

Ex: He offered his brotherly advice when she was facing a difficult decision. 

彼は彼女が難しい決断に直面していたとき、兄弟のような助言を申し出た。

brotherhood
brotherhood
[名詞]

the feeling of understanding and friendship between people

兄弟愛, 仲間意識

兄弟愛, 仲間意識

Ex: The brotherhood among the soldiers was evident as they supported each other through difficult times during the mission. 

任務中の困難な時期に互いに支え合う兵士たちの間の兄弟愛は明らかだった。

companion
companion
[名詞]

someone or something that regularly keeps another company, providing friendship, support, or association

仲間, 伴侶

仲間, 伴侶

Ex: She has been his loyal companion for many years. 

彼女は長年にわたり彼の忠実な伴侶でした。

companionship

the delightful feeling that one has when accompanied by people one enjoys spending time with rather than being alone

仲間意識, 同伴

仲間意識, 同伴

compatible
compatible
[形容詞]

(of two people) able to have a balanced and comfortable relationship

互換性のある

互換性のある

Ex: They are compatible partners who communicate well. 

彼らはよくコミュニケーションを取る互換性のあるパートナーです。

co-parent
co-parent
[名詞]

a person who shares the responsibilities of raising a child

共同親, 共有親

共同親, 共有親

Ex: Sarah and Tom are dedicated co-parents, sharing the responsibilities of raising their children equally. 

サラとトムは献身的な共同親権者で、子供を育てる責任を平等に分担しています。

custody
custody
[名詞]

the legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation

親権, 監護権

親権, 監護権

Ex: The court awarded full custody to the mother. 

裁判所は母親に完全な親権を認めた。

descendant
descendant
[名詞]

someone who shares the same blood with a specific person who lived many years ago

子孫, 相続人

子孫, 相続人

Ex: The historian traced her family's lineage back to a prominent historical figure, claiming to be a direct descendant. 

歴史家は、彼女の家族の系譜を著名な歴史的人物まで遡り、直接の子孫であると主張した。

distant
distant
[形容詞]

having a connection that is not close or direct, as in a remote familial or social relationship

遠い,  疎遠な

遠い, 疎遠な

Ex: He found out he had a distant cousin living in another country. 

彼は、別の国に住んでいる遠い親戚がいることを知りました。

soulmate
soulmate
[名詞]

the perfect romantic partner for a person

運命の人, 完璧なパートナー

運命の人, 完璧なパートナー

tie
tie
[名詞]

a bond or connection between people, organizations, etc.

絆, 関係

絆, 関係

to socialize
to socialize
[動詞]

to interact and spend time with people

社交する, 付き合う

社交する, 付き合う

Ex: Introverts may find it challenging to socialize in large groups. 

内向的な人は大きなグループで社交するのが難しいと感じるかもしれません。

kin
kin
[名詞]

a person's family and relatives

親族, 家族

親族, 家族

Ex: She was surrounded by her kin at the family reunion. 

彼女は家族の集まりで親族に囲まれていました。

next of kin
next of kin
[名詞]

one's closest living relative or relatives

近親者, 最も近い親族

近親者, 最も近い親族

Ex: In case of emergency, the hospital will contact your next of kin listed on your medical records. 

緊急時には、病院はあなたの医療記録に記載されている次世代に連絡します。

kinship
kinship
[名詞]

the relationship between the members of a family

親族関係

親族関係

parenting
parenting
[名詞]

‌the process of raising or taking care of one's child or children

子育て, 育児

子育て, 育児

Ex: She read several books on parenting to prepare herself for the arrival of her first child. 

彼女は最初の子供の到着に備えるために、子育てに関するいくつかの本を読みました。

maternal
maternal
[形容詞]

related to or characteristic of a mother and motherhood, especially during and following childbirth

母性の, 母親らしい

母性の, 母親らしい

Ex: Her maternal instincts kicked in as soon as she held the baby. 

彼女の母性本能は、赤ちゃんを抱いた瞬間に目覚めた。

paternal
paternal
[形容詞]

having qualities or behaviors typically associated with a father, particularly in a caring, supportive, or protective manner

父親らしい, 父性的な

父親らしい, 父性的な

Ex: His paternal love and support were evident in the way he celebrated his children's achievements and comforted them in times of disappointment. 

彼の父親らしい愛とサポートは、子供たちの達成を祝い、失望の時に慰める方法で明らかでした。

intimate
intimate
[形容詞]

(of people) having a very close relationship

親密な, 近しい

親密な, 近しい

Ex: They shared an intimate moment under the stars, revealing their deepest thoughts. 

彼らは星の下で親密な瞬間を共有し、最も深い思いを明かしました。

to inherit
to inherit
[動詞]

to receive money, property, etc. from someone who has passed away

相続する, 遺産を受け取る

相続する, 遺産を受け取る

Ex: After her grandmother's passing, she inherited a beautiful antique necklace. 

祖母の死後、彼女は美しいアンティークのネックレスを相続しました

heritage
heritage
[名詞]

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

遺産

遺産

Ex: She takes great pride in her cultural heritage and often participates in traditional ceremonies and festivals. 

彼女は自分の文化的遺産をとても誇りに思っており、伝統的な式典や祭りによく参加します。

ex
ex
[名詞]

the person one used to be married to or have a relationship with

元

Ex: My ex and I are on good terms and remain friends after our breakup. 

私と元彼/元彼女は別れた後も良い関係を保ち、友達のままです。

exclusive
exclusive
[形容詞]

limited to a particular person, group, or purpose

独占的な, 限定された

独占的な, 限定された

Ex: The club offers exclusive membership privileges, including access to private events and facilities. 

クラブは、プライベートイベントや施設へのアクセスを含む、限定会員特典を提供しています。

to associate
to associate
[動詞]

to interact and spend time with someone or a group of people

交わる, 付き合う

交わる, 付き合う

Ex: We enjoy associating with like-minded individuals. 

私たちは同じ考えを持つ人々と交流することを楽しんでいます。

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