Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Linguistics

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

prolixity

the study of the rules and different methods of using language in a way that is effective

retoryka

a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense

epitet, słowo opisowe

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

intertekstualność

the overlapping and blending of language elements, such as sounds or grammatical structures, within speech or writing

imbrikacja, nakładanie

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

apozycja, apozityw

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

słowo portmanteau, słowo złożone

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

składnia, struktura zdań

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfen

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

semantyka

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

leksem, słownik

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

anafora

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

polisemia, wieloznaczność

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

alofon, wariant fonemu

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksem, jednostka leksykalna

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

hiperonim, słowo ogólne

the process of inventing a word

neologizm

the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature

suplecja, suplecja (w morfologii)

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

rejestr, rejestr językowy

a phonological process in which sounds or syllables in a word are rearranged or switched positions, resulting in a change in the order of phonemes or syllables within the word

metateza

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is inserted into a word, typically to break up a consonant cluster or improve phonotactic constraints

epenteza, dodawanie dźwięku

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

redupikacja, powielenie

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

skrócenie, przycinanie

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipokoryzm

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologia

a phonological process in which vowels within a word or across adjacent words become more similar or assimilate to each other in terms of certain phonetic features

harmonia samogłoskowa, harmonia głoskowa

a word that represents a subset of a broader category

hiponim

related to the study of a phenomena at a specific point in time, particularly in linguistics and social sciences, without considering historical changes

synchroniczny

related to the study or analysis of phenomena or changes over time, particularly within linguistics or historical contexts

diachroniczny, historyczny