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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Linguistics

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
prolixity

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

prolixity

prolixity

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[Rzeczownik]
rhetoric

the study of the rules and different methods of using language in a way that is effective

retoryka

retoryka

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[Rzeczownik]
epithet

a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense

epitet

epitet

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intertextuality

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

intertekstualność

intertekstualność

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imbrication

the overlapping and blending of language elements, such as sounds or grammatical structures, within speech or writing

imbrikacja

imbrikacja

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apposition

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

apozycja

apozycja

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portmanteau word

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

słowo portmanteau

słowo portmanteau

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syntax

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

składnia

składnia

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morpheme

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfen

morfen

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semantics

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

semantyka

semantyka

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lexicon

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

leksem

leksem

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anaphora

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

anafora

anafora

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polysemy

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

polisemia

polisemia

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allophone

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

alofon

alofon

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lexeme

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksem

leksem

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phoneme

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem

fonem

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hypernym

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

hiperonim

hiperonim

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neologism

the process of inventing a word

neologizm

neologizm

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suppletion

the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature

suplecja

suplecja

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register

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

rejestr

rejestr

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metathesis

a phonological process in which sounds or syllables in a word are rearranged or switched positions, resulting in a change in the order of phonemes or syllables within the word

metateza

metateza

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epenthesis

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is inserted into a word, typically to break up a consonant cluster or improve phonotactic constraints

epenteza

epenteza

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reduplication

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

redupikacja

redupikacja

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clipping

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

skrócenie

skrócenie

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hypocorism

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

hipokoryzm

hipokoryzm

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tautology

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologia

tautologia

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vowel harmony

a phonological process in which vowels within a word or across adjacent words become more similar or assimilate to each other in terms of certain phonetic features

harmonia samogłoskowa

harmonia samogłoskowa

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hyponym

a word that represents a subset of a broader category

hiponim

hiponim

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[Rzeczownik]
synchronic

related to the study of a phenomena at a specific point in time, particularly in linguistics and social sciences, without considering historical changes

synchroniczny

synchroniczny

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[przymiotnik]
diachronic

related to the study or analysis of phenomena or changes over time, particularly within linguistics or historical contexts

diachroniczny

diachroniczny

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[przymiotnik]
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