C2级单词表 - Linguistics

在这里，您将学习所有关于语言学的基本词汇，这些词汇是专门为C2级别的学习者收集的。

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prolixity [名词]

冗长

Ex: Despite the author 's eloquent style , the prolixity of the novel made it difficult for readers to stay engaged through the numerous digressions and verbose descriptions .

尽管作者的风格雄辩，小说的冗长使得读者难以通过众多的题外话和冗长的描述保持参与。

rhetoric [名词]

the study of techniques and principles for using language effectively, especially in public speaking

Ex: Classical rhetoric focused on persuasion and argument structure .

intertextuality [名词]

互文性

Ex: The novel 's use of intertextuality becomes apparent when it references famous lines from Shakespeare , adding layers of meaning to the characters ' dialogues .

小说中对互文性的运用在引用莎士比亚的著名台词时变得明显，为角色的对话增添了意义层次。

imbrication [名词]

叠覆

Ex: Understanding the imbrication of syntax and semantics is crucial for advanced language learners .

理解语法和语义的重叠对于高级语言学习者至关重要。

apposition [名词]

同位语

Ex: The phrase " Alice , the team leader , addressed the meeting " uses apposition to provide more information about Alice .

句子“爱丽丝，团队领导，在会议上发言”使用同位语来提供关于爱丽丝的更多信息。

portmanteau word [名词]

混成词

Ex: Portmanteau words , such as " smog " from " smoke " and " fog , " often emerge in response to new cultural phenomena .

混合词，如来自"smoke"和"fog"的"smog"，常常是对新的文化现象的回应而出现。

syntax [名词]

句法

Ex: Understanding the syntax of a language is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and meaningful sentences .

理解语言的句法对于构建语法正确且有意义的句子至关重要。

morpheme [名词]

语素

Ex: The word " unhappiness " contains three morphemes : " un- , " " happy , " and " -ness . "

单词"unhappiness"包含三个语素："un-"、"happy"和"-ness"。

semantics [名词]

语义学

Ex: Understanding semantics is essential for interpreting the nuances and subtleties in different contexts .

理解语义学对于解释不同语境中的细微差别和微妙之处至关重要。

lexicon [名词]

词汇

Ex: Linguists analyze the lexicon of a language to understand its vocabulary and the relationships between words .

语言学家分析一种语言的词汇，以理解其词汇及单词之间的关系。

anaphora [名词]

首语重复法

Ex: The poet used anaphora to create a rhythmic pattern and emphasize the central theme of the poem .

诗人使用首语重复法来创造节奏模式并强调诗的中心主题。

polysemy [名词]

多义性

Ex: The polysemy of the word " bank " includes meanings related to financial institutions , river edges , and inclines .

“银行”一词的多义性包括与金融机构、河岸和斜坡相关的含义。

allophone [名词]

音位变体，音位的变体发音，可能由于语言内特定语境或环境中的语音差异而产生

Ex: The pronunciation of the " t " sound in " water " as a flap [ ɾ ] in American English is an allophone of the phoneme /t/.

在美式英语中，“water”一词中的“t”音发为闪音[ɾ]是音素/t/的一个音位变体。

lexeme [名词]

词位

Ex:

例如，词位 "run" 包括基本形式 "run"，以及它的屈折形式如 "ran"、"running" 和 "runs"。

phoneme [名词]

音位

Ex: For example , in English , the phonemes /p/ and /b/ are distinct because they can change the meaning of words like " pat " and " bat . "

例如，在英语中，音素 /p/ 和 /b/ 是不同的，因为它们可以改变像“pat”和“bat”这样的单词的意思。

hypernym [名词]

上位词

Ex: For instance , " fruit " is a hypernym for " apple , " " banana , " and " orange . "

例如，“水果”是“苹果”、“香蕉”和“橙子”的上位词。

neologism [名词]

新词

Ex: Neologisms often emerge to describe new concepts , trends , or phenomena in society .

新词经常出现来描述社会中的新概念、趋势或现象。

suppletion [名词]

补充法

Ex: An example of suppletion is the English verb " to be , " where the forms " am , " " is , " " are , " " was , " and " were " do not follow a regular pattern of inflection .

补充法的一个例子是英语动词"to be"，其中形式"am"、"is"、"are"、"was"和"were"不遵循规则的屈折模式。

语域

Ex: Different registers include formal , informal , technical , and colloquial language , each suited for different communicative situations .

不同的语域包括正式、非正式、技术和口语语言，每种都适用于不同的交际场合。

metathesis [名词]

音位转换

Ex: An example of metathesis is the pronunciation of " ask " as " aks " in some dialects of English .

音位变换的一个例子是在英语的一些方言中将“ask”发音为“aks”。

epenthesis [名词]

插音

Ex: An example of epenthesis is the insertion of a vowel sound in the word " warmth , " pronounced as " wawrmth " to ease the transition between the " r " and " m. "

插入音的一个例子是在单词"warmth"中插入一个元音，发音为"wawrmth"，以缓解"r"和"m"之间的过渡。

reduplication [名词]

重叠

Ex: An example of reduplication in English is the word " bye-bye , " which is a child-friendly way of saying " goodbye . "

英语中重复的一个例子是单词"bye-bye"，这是一种对孩子友好的说"再见"的方式。

clipping [名词]

截断

Ex:

截短的例子包括从"advertisement"截取的"ad"，从"laboratory"截取的"lab"，以及从"bicycle"截取的"bike"。

hypocorism [名词]

昵称

Ex: Common examples of hypocorism include " Billy " for " William , " " Katie " for " Katherine , " and " Lizzie " for " Elizabeth . "

昵称的常见例子包括“William”的“Billy”、“Katherine”的“Katie”和“Elizabeth”的“Lizzie”。

tautology [名词]

同义反复

Ex: Many beginners in writing often make the mistake of using tautologies without realizing it .

许多写作初学者经常在不知不觉中犯下使用同义反复的错误。

vowel harmony [名词]

元音和谐

Ex: Turkish is a language that exhibits vowel harmony , where suffixes change their vowels to match the frontness or backness of the vowels in the root word .

土耳其语是一种展现元音和谐的语言，其中后缀会改变其元音以匹配词根中元音的前后位置。

hyponym [名词]

下义词

Ex: Did you know " walk " has several hyponyms , like " saunter " and " jog " ?

你知道“走”有几种下义词，比如“散步”和“慢跑”吗？

synchronic [形容词]

relating to phenomena, especially in language, as they exist at a specific time, without reference to historical development

Ex: A synchronic study of slang shows how words are used in contemporary society .

diachronic [形容词]

历时的

Ex: Scholars use diachronic research to trace the origins of dialects .

学者们使用历时研究来追溯方言的起源。

C2级单词表
尺寸和大小	重量和稳定性	Quantity	Intensity
Pace	形状	重要性和必要性	普遍性与独特性
困难与挑战	价格与豪华	Quality	成功与财富
失败与贫穷	体型	年龄与外貌	理解与智力
个人特质	情绪状态	触发情感	感觉
关系动态与连接	社会和道德行为	味道和气味	声音
纹理	想法与决定	投诉与批评	和谐与不和谐
沟通与讨论	肢体语言和情感动作	命令与许可	建议与影响
荣誉与钦佩	请求与回答	尝试与预防	改变和形成
运动	准备食物	食物和饮料	自然环境
动物	天气和温度	灾难与污染	工作环境
职业	Accommodation	Transportation	旅游与移民
爱好与日常	体育	Arts	电影和剧院
Literature	Music	服装与时尚	Architecture
History	文化与习俗	Society	Religion
Philosophy	Linguistics	Politics	Law
Crime	Punishment	战争与军队	Government
Education	Media	技术与互联网	营销与广告
Shopping	商业与管理	Finance	科学领域与研究
Medicine	健康状况	恢复与治疗	Human Body
Psychology	Biology	Chemistry	Physics
Astronomy	Mathematics	Geology	Engineering
Measurement