C2级单词表 - Linguistics

在这里，您将学习所有关于语言学的基本词汇，这些词汇是专门为C2级别的学习者收集的。

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prolixity

[名词]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

冗长

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise , impactful statements to maintain the readers ' interest .编辑建议作家通过删减不必要的词语，专注于简洁有力的陈述来避免**冗长**，以保持读者的兴趣。

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rhetoric

[名词]

the study of the rules and different methods of using language in a way that is effective

修辞学, 演讲艺术

Ex: Rhetoric teaches how to organize ideas logically and persuasively.虽然**修辞学**常与说服相关，但它也是批判性分析的工具，使个人能够解构论点，识别谬误，并评估沟通策略的有效性。

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intertextuality

[名词]

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

互文性, 文本间的相互联系

Ex: The filmmaker 's reliance on intertextuality is evident in the movie 's numerous nods to iconic scenes from classic films , creating a dialogue between past and present cinematic techniques .电影制作人对**互文性**的依赖在电影对经典电影标志性场景的多次致敬中显而易见，在过去的和现在的电影技术之间创造了对话。

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imbrication

[名词]

the overlapping and blending of language elements, such as sounds or grammatical structures, within speech or writing

叠覆, 重叠

Ex: In her study , she explored the imbrication of language and identity among bilingual communities .在她的研究中，她探讨了双语社区中语言与身份的**交织**。

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apposition

[名词]

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

同位语, 并置

Ex: In the study of syntax , apposition is analyzed to see how additional information is integrated seamlessly into sentences without disrupting the flow .在句法研究中，分析**同位语**以了解附加信息如何在不中断流程的情况下无缝集成到句子中。

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portmanteau word

[名词]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

混成词, 合成词

Ex: The creation of portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "**混成词**的创造可以既有趣又富有创意，如“chillax”所示，它是“chill”和“relax”的组合。

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syntax

[名词]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

句法, 语法结构

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .**句法分析**有助于识别在给定语言框架内名词、动词和形容词等句子元素如何相互作用。

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morpheme

[名词]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

语素, 最小的意义单位

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .对**语素**的研究，称为形态学，研究这些单位如何组合以创建复杂的单词。

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semantics

[名词]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

语义学

Ex: Differences in semantics can lead to misunderstandings , especially when translating between languages with distinct cultural contexts .**语义学**的差异可能导致误解，特别是在具有不同文化背景的语言之间进行翻译时。

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lexicon

[名词]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

词汇, 词典

Ex: Building a diverse lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .通过阅读和接触不同的语境来构建多样化的**词汇**，可以丰富一个人的语言技能和沟通能力。

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anaphora

[名词]

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

首语重复法, 重复

Ex: Anaphora is often employed in literature and oratory to evoke emotion, emphasize ideas, and make speeches more memorable.**首语重复法**常用于文学和演讲中，以唤起情感、强调观点并使演讲更令人难忘。

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polysemy

[名词]

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

多义性, 一词多义现象

Ex: Ambiguity can sometimes arise from polysemy, requiring context or additional information for accurate interpretation .歧义有时可能源于**多义性**，需要上下文或额外信息才能准确解释。

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allophone

[名词]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

音位变体，音位的变体发音，可能由于语言内特定语境或环境中的语音差异而产生, 音位变体，出现在特定语音环境中的音位变体形式

Ex: The variation of the "r" sound in different dialects of English is an example of allophonic variation.英语不同方言中“r”音的变化是**音位变体**变化的一个例子。

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lexeme

[名词]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

词位, 基本语言单位

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .分析**词位**有助于识别不同语言背景下词汇形成和使用的模式。

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phoneme

[名词]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

音位, 音素

Ex: The study of phonemes and their distribution helps linguists analyze speech sounds and patterns across languages .对**音素**及其分布的研究有助于语言学家分析不同语言中的语音和模式。

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hypernym

[名词]

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

上位词, 通用术语

Ex: The relationship between hypernyms and hyponyms provides insights into the structure and organization of lexical semantics.**上位词**和下位词之间的关系提供了对词汇语义结构和组织的见解。

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neologism

[名词]

the process of inventing a word

新词, 造词

Ex: Some neologisms become part of everyday language usage , while others remain obscure or limited to specific subcultures .一些**新词**成为日常语言使用的一部分，而其他则仍然晦涩或限于特定的亚文化。

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suppletion

[名词]

the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature

补充法, 异干法

Ex: Linguists study suppletion to understand the historical development and structural properties of languages , especially regarding irregularities in inflectional systems .语言学家研究**异干互补**以理解语言的历史发展和结构特性，尤其是关于屈折系统中的不规则性。

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[名词]

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

语域, 语言水平

Ex: Understanding register allows speakers to navigate social interactions and convey their ideas appropriately in diverse contexts .理解**语域**使说话者能够在社会互动中导航并在不同语境中恰当地传达他们的想法。

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metathesis

[名词]

a phonological process in which sounds or syllables in a word are rearranged or switched positions, resulting in a change in the order of phonemes or syllables within the word

音位转换, 换位

Ex: The occurrence of metathesis highlights the fluid nature of language and its capacity for phonological variation over time .**音位变换**的出现凸显了语言的流动性及其随时间发生音韵变化的能力。

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epenthesis

[名词]

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is inserted into a word, typically to break up a consonant cluster or improve phonotactic constraints

插音, 音素插入

Ex: The study of epenthesis sheds light on the mechanisms behind speech production and perception , revealing patterns of phonological adaptation in languages .对**插音**的研究揭示了语言中音韵适应的模式，阐明了语音产生和感知背后的机制。

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reduplication

[名词]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

重叠, 重复

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .**重复**可以在语言中发挥各种功能，包括强调、减少或创造拟声表达。

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clipping

[名词]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

截断, 缩短

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.**剪裁**过程通常保留单词的原始含义，并且可以发生在各种词性中，例如名词、动词和形容词。

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hypocorism

[名词]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

昵称, 爱称

Ex: The formation of hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .**昵称**的形成可能涉及各种语言过程，如剪切、添加指小后缀或语音修改。

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tautology

[名词]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

同义反复, 冗余

Ex: Writers and speakers are often advised to avoid tautology to ensure their communication is clear and concise without unnecessary repetition .作家和演讲者经常被建议避免**同义反复**，以确保他们的沟通清晰简洁，没有不必要的重复。

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vowel harmony

[名词]

a phonological process in which vowels within a word or across adjacent words become more similar or assimilate to each other in terms of certain phonetic features

元音和谐, 元音和谐律

Ex: Linguists study vowel harmony to understand how phonological rules govern vowel distribution and consistency within languages .语言学家研究**元音和谐**，以理解音韵规则如何支配语言中元音的分布和一致性。

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hyponym

[名词]

a word that represents a subset of a broader category

下义词, 子类别

Ex: I 'm struggling to find a hyponym for " love " that perfectly captures its specific meaning .我很难找到一个**下位词**来完美捕捉“爱”的具体含义。

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synchronic

[形容词]

related to the study of a phenomena at a specific point in time, particularly in linguistics and social sciences, without considering historical changes

共时的, 同步的

Ex: She compared dialects using a purely synchronic method .在**共时**音系学中，语言学家分析一种语言的声音，就像它们在当下存在的那样。

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diachronic

[形容词]

related to the study or analysis of phenomena or changes over time, particularly within linguistics or historical contexts

历时的, 历史的

Ex: Archaeologists employ diachronic approaches to study ancient civilizations .考古学家采用**历时性**方法来研究古代文明。

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C2级单词表

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