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Список Слов Уровня C2 - Linguistics

Здесь вы узнаете все основные слова для разговора о лингвистике, собранные специально для изучающих уровень C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
prolixity
prolixity
[существительное]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

многословность

многословность

Ex: The professor's lecture was criticized for its prolixity, as many students found the excessive detail and lengthy explanations overwhelming and tedious. 
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rhetoric
rhetoric
[существительное]

the study of techniques and principles for using language effectively, especially in public speaking

риторический, словесный

риторический, словесный

Ex: She studied rhetoric to improve her debate skills. 
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intertextuality
intertextuality
[существительное]

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

интертекстуальность, интертекстуальная связь

интертекстуальность, интертекстуальная связь

Ex: Intertextuality enriches the reading experience by allowing readers to recognize and appreciate the connections between different literary works and their themes. 
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imbrication
imbrication
[существительное]

the overlapping and blending of language elements, such as sounds or grammatical structures, within speech or writing

наложение, перекрытие

наложение, перекрытие

Ex: The imbrication of English and Spanish in the border regions creates a unique linguistic blend that fascinates linguists. 
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apposition
apposition
[существительное]

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

оппозиция

оппозиция

Ex: In linguistics, apposition refers to a grammatical construction where two elements, usually noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to define or modify the other. 
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portmanteau word
portmanteau word
[существительное]

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

словослияние

словослияние

Ex: The term "brunch" is a portmanteau word that combines "breakfast" and "lunch." 
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syntax
syntax
[существительное]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

синтаксис

синтаксис

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning. 
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morpheme
morpheme
[существительное]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

морфема

морфема

Ex: In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function in a language. 
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semantics
semantics
[существительное]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

семантика

семантика

Ex: In linguistics, semantics is the study of meaning in language, focusing on how words, phrases, and sentences convey meaning. 
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lexicon
lexicon
[существительное]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

лексика

лексика

Ex: The lexicon of a language encompasses all the words and phrases that speakers use to communicate meaning. 
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anaphora
anaphora
[существительное]

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

анафора

анафора

Ex: Anaphora refers to the rhetorical device of repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. 
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polysemy
polysemy
[существительное]

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

полисемия, многозначность

полисемия, многозначность

Ex: The polysemy of the word "bank" includes meanings related to financial institutions, river edges, and inclines. 
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allophone
allophone
[существительное]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

аллофон

аллофон

Ex: In phonetics, an allophone is a variant form of a phoneme, which occurs in specific phonetic environments. 
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lexeme
lexeme
[существительное]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

лексема

лексема

Ex: A lexeme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, encompassing both a word and all its inflected forms. 
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phoneme
phoneme
[существительное]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

фонема

фонема

Ex: In linguistics, a phoneme is the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language that can change the meaning of a word. 
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hypernym
hypernym
[существительное]

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

гипероним, общий термин

гипероним, общий термин

Ex: A hypernym is a word that represents a category or a more general term that encompasses more specific words within that category. 
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neologism
neologism
[существительное]

the process of inventing a word

неологизм

неологизм

Ex: A neologism is a newly coined word or expression that has not yet been widely accepted into the lexicon of a language. 
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suppletion
suppletion
[существительное]

the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature

супплетивизм, супплетивность

супплетивизм, супплетивность

Ex: Suppletion refers to the phenomenon in morphology where an irregular form is used to express a grammatical contrast instead of regular inflection. 
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register
register
[существительное]

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

регистр

регистр

Ex: In linguistics, register refers to a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a specific social context. 
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metathesis
metathesis
[существительное]

a phonological process in which sounds or syllables in a word are rearranged or switched positions, resulting in a change in the order of phonemes or syllables within the word

метатеза, перестановка

метатеза, перестановка

Ex: Metathesis in linguistics refers to the rearrangement of sounds or syllables within a word. 
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epenthesis
epenthesis
[существительное]

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is inserted into a word, typically to break up a consonant cluster or improve phonotactic constraints

эпентеза, фонетическая вставка

эпентеза, фонетическая вставка

Ex: Epenthesis is a phonological process in which a sound is added to a word, typically to break up consonant clusters or to improve pronunciation. 
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reduplication
reduplication
[существительное]

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

редупликация, удвоение

редупликация, удвоение

Ex: Reduplication is a morphological process in linguistics where a part or the entirety of a word is repeated to convey grammatical or semantic changes. 
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clipping
clipping
[существительное]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

усечение, сокращение

усечение, сокращение

Ex: Clipping is a morphological process in linguistics where a longer word is shortened without changing its meaning, often resulting in a more casual or familiar term. 
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hypocorism
hypocorism
[существительное]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

гипокористика, ласкательное имя

гипокористика, ласкательное имя

Ex: Hypocorism is the use of a pet name or affectionate form of a proper name, often involving a diminutive or altered version of the original name. 
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tautology
tautology
[существительное]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

тавтология

тавтология

Ex: "ATM machine" is a classic example of a tautology, as the "M" already stands for "machine." 
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vowel harmony
vowel harmony
[существительное]

a phonological process in which vowels within a word or across adjacent words become more similar or assimilate to each other in terms of certain phonetic features

гармония гласных, вокальная гармония

гармония гласных, вокальная гармония

Ex: Vowel harmony is a phonological process in which vowels within a word agree in certain features, such as frontness or backness, to create a more harmonious sound. 
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hyponym
hyponym
[существительное]

a word that represents a subset of a broader category

гипоним, подкатегория

гипоним, подкатегория

Ex: Rose is a hyponym of flower. 
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synchronic
synchronic
[прилагательное]

relating to phenomena, especially in language, as they exist at a specific time, without reference to historical development

синхронный, синхронический

синхронный, синхронический

Ex: The linguist took a synchronic approach, analyzing the language as it exists today. 
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diachronic
diachronic
[прилагательное]

related to the study or analysis of phenomena or changes over time, particularly within linguistics or historical contexts

диахронический, исторический

диахронический, исторический

Ex: Diachronic linguistics looks at how words change meaning over centuries. 
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