pattern

فهرست واژگان سطح C2 - Linguistics

در اینجا تمام کلمات ضروری برای صحبت در مورد زبان‌شناسی را یاد خواهید گرفت، که به طور خاص برای زبان‌آموزان سطح C2 جمع‌آوری شده‌اند.

مرور

فلش‌کارت‌ها

املای کلمه

آزمون

شروع یادگیری
CEFR C2 Vocabulary
prolixity
prolixity
[اسم]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

گزافه‌گویی, پرگویی

گزافه‌گویی, پرگویی

Ex: The professor's lecture was criticized for its prolixity, as many students found the excessive detail and lengthy explanations overwhelming and tedious. 
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rhetoric
rhetoric
[اسم]

the study of techniques and principles for using language effectively, especially in public speaking

علم سخنوری

علم سخنوری

Ex: She studied rhetoric to improve her debate skills. 
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intertextuality

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

بینامتنیت

بینامتنیت

Ex: Intertextuality enriches the reading experience by allowing readers to recognize and appreciate the connections between different literary works and their themes. 
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imbrication
imbrication
[اسم]

the overlapping and blending of language elements, such as sounds or grammatical structures, within speech or writing

درهم‌آمیختگی

درهم‌آمیختگی

Ex: The imbrication of English and Spanish in the border regions creates a unique linguistic blend that fascinates linguists. 
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apposition
apposition
[اسم]

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

بدل (زبان‌شناسی)

بدل (زبان‌شناسی)

Ex: In linguistics, apposition refers to a grammatical construction where two elements, usually noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to define or modify the other. 
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portmanteau word

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

تکواژ چندوجهی, تکواژ مرکب

تکواژ چندوجهی, تکواژ مرکب

Ex: The term "brunch" is a portmanteau word that combines "breakfast" and "lunch." 
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syntax
syntax
[اسم]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

نحو (زبان‌شناسی), علم ترکیب

نحو (زبان‌شناسی), علم ترکیب

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning. 
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morpheme
morpheme
[اسم]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

تکواژ (زبان‌شناسی)

تکواژ (زبان‌شناسی)

Ex: In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function in a language. 
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semantics
semantics
[اسم]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with meaning, reference, or truth

معناشناسی (زبان‌شناسی)

معناشناسی (زبان‌شناسی)

Ex: In linguistics, semantics is the study of meaning in language, focusing on how words, phrases, and sentences convey meaning. 
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lexicon
lexicon
[اسم]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

گستره واژگان

گستره واژگان

Ex: The lexicon of a language encompasses all the words and phrases that speakers use to communicate meaning. 
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anaphora
anaphora
[اسم]

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

پیش‌مرجع (دستورزبان)

پیش‌مرجع (دستورزبان)

Ex: Anaphora refers to the rhetorical device of repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. 
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polysemy
polysemy
[اسم]

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

چندمعنایی

چندمعنایی

Ex: The polysemy of the word "bank" includes meanings related to financial institutions, river edges, and inclines. 
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allophone
allophone
[اسم]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

واج‌گونه (آواشناسی)

واج‌گونه (آواشناسی)

Ex: In phonetics, an allophone is a variant form of a phoneme, which occurs in specific phonetic environments. 
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lexeme
lexeme
[اسم]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

تک‌واژه (زبان‌شناسی)

تک‌واژه (زبان‌شناسی)

Ex: A lexeme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, encompassing both a word and all its inflected forms. 
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phoneme
phoneme
[اسم]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

واج (آواشناسی)

واج (آواشناسی)

Ex: In linguistics, a phoneme is the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language that can change the meaning of a word. 
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hypernym
hypernym
[اسم]

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

فراشمول, فراواژه

فراشمول, فراواژه

Ex: A hypernym is a word that represents a category or a more general term that encompasses more specific words within that category. 
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neologism
neologism
[اسم]

the process of inventing a word

واژه‌سازی

واژه‌سازی

Ex: A neologism is a newly coined word or expression that has not yet been widely accepted into the lexicon of a language. 
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suppletion
suppletion
[اسم]

the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature

تکمیل

تکمیل

Ex: Suppletion refers to the phenomenon in morphology where an irregular form is used to express a grammatical contrast instead of regular inflection. 
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register
register
[اسم]

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

گونه کاربردی (زبان‌شناسی اجتماعی)

گونه کاربردی (زبان‌شناسی اجتماعی)

Ex: In linguistics, register refers to a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a specific social context. 
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metathesis
metathesis
[اسم]

a phonological process in which sounds or syllables in a word are rearranged or switched positions, resulting in a change in the order of phonemes or syllables within the word

قلب (زبان‌شناسی), جایگشت

قلب (زبان‌شناسی), جایگشت

Ex: Metathesis in linguistics refers to the rearrangement of sounds or syllables within a word. 
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epenthesis
epenthesis
[اسم]

a phonological process in which a sound or phoneme is inserted into a word, typically to break up a consonant cluster or improve phonotactic constraints

میان‌هِشت

میان‌هِشت

Ex: Epenthesis is a phonological process in which a sound is added to a word, typically to break up consonant clusters or to improve pronunciation. 
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reduplication

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

دوگانه‌سازی (زبان شناسی)

دوگانه‌سازی (زبان شناسی)

Ex: Reduplication is a morphological process in linguistics where a part or the entirety of a word is repeated to convey grammatical or semantic changes. 
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clipping
clipping
[اسم]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

کوتاه‌سازی (زبان شناسی)

کوتاه‌سازی (زبان شناسی)

Ex: Clipping is a morphological process in linguistics where a longer word is shortened without changing its meaning, often resulting in a more casual or familiar term. 
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hypocorism
hypocorism
[اسم]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

خودمانی کردن کلمه‌ای

خودمانی کردن کلمه‌ای

Ex: Hypocorism is the use of a pet name or affectionate form of a proper name, often involving a diminutive or altered version of the original name. 
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tautology
tautology
[اسم]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

همان‌گویی (معنی‌شناسی), توتولوژی

همان‌گویی (معنی‌شناسی), توتولوژی

Ex: "ATM machine" is a classic example of a tautology, as the "M" already stands for "machine." 
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vowel harmony

a phonological process in which vowels within a word or across adjacent words become more similar or assimilate to each other in terms of certain phonetic features

هماهنگی واکه‌ای

هماهنگی واکه‌ای

Ex: Vowel harmony is a phonological process in which vowels within a word agree in certain features, such as frontness or backness, to create a more harmonious sound. 
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hyponym
hyponym
[اسم]

a word that represents a subset of a broader category

زیرشمول

زیرشمول

Ex: Rose is a hyponym of flower. 
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synchronic
synchronic
[صفت]

relating to phenomena, especially in language, as they exist at a specific time, without reference to historical development

رویکرد هم‌زمانی

رویکرد هم‌زمانی

Ex: The linguist took a synchronic approach, analyzing the language as it exists today. 
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diachronic
diachronic
[صفت]

related to the study or analysis of phenomena or changes over time, particularly within linguistics or historical contexts

رویکرد درزمانی

رویکرد درزمانی

Ex: Diachronic linguistics looks at how words change meaning over centuries. 
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