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Podstawowe Słownictwo do TOEFL - Inżynieria i Badania

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów dotyczących inżynierii i badań, takich jak "drut", "przełącznik", "dźwig" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
apparatus
apparatus
[Rzeczownik]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

aparat, sprzęt

aparat, sprzęt

Ex: The apparatus for measuring air quality provided real-time data on pollution levels. 

Urządzenie do pomiaru jakości powietrza dostarczało danych w czasie rzeczywistym o poziomach zanieczyszczenia.

instrument
instrument
[Rzeczownik]

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

instrument, urządzenie

instrument, urządzenie

Ex: The scientist used a complex instrument to measure the chemical reactions accurately. 
microchip
microchip
[Rzeczownik]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

mikroprocesor, chip

mikroprocesor, chip

Ex: The microchip inside the credit card stores your payment information. 

Mikrochip wewnątrz karty kredytowej przechowuje Twoje dane płatnicze.

telescope
telescope
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible

teleskop, luneta

teleskop, luneta

Ex: The scientist used a powerful telescope to study distant galaxies. 

Naukowiec użył potężnego teleskopu do badania odległych galaktyk.

wire
wire
[Rzeczownik]

a long and thin piece of metal that carries an electric current

drut, kabel

drut, kabel

Ex: The electrician carefully stripped the insulation from the wire to connect it to the light fixture. 
switch
switch
[Rzeczownik]

something such as a button or key that turns a machine, lamp, etc. on or off

przełącznik, wyłącznik

przełącznik, wyłącznik

Ex: She pressed the switch to turn on the light in the room. 
sensor
sensor
[Rzeczownik]

a machine or device that detects any changes in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices

czujnik, detektor

czujnik, detektor

Ex: In healthcare, sensors can monitor a patient's heart rate and other vital signs. 
circuit
circuit
[Rzeczownik]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

obwód

obwód

Ex: The electrical circuit is designed to power the light bulb when the switch is turned on. 
screw
screw
[Rzeczownik]

a metal fastener with a spiral thread that is turned into material to hold objects together

śruba,  wkręt

śruba, wkręt

Ex: The shelf is held in place by four large screws. 
machinery
machinery
[Rzeczownik]

machines, especially large or complex ones, considered collectively

maszyny,  maszyneria

maszyny, maszyneria

Ex: The company imports industrial machinery from Germany. 
mechanical
mechanical
[przymiotnik]

operated by a machine or by a system of moving parts

mechaniczny,  mechaniczny

mechaniczny, mechaniczny

Ex: The safe is protected by a mechanical locking system. 
cable
cable
[Rzeczownik]

a set of insulated wires or fibers used to carry electricity or electronic signals

kabel,  przewód

kabel, przewód

Ex: Daniel noticed that the electrical cable was damaged. 
crane
crane
[Rzeczownik]

a very large tall machine used for lifting heavy objects

dźwig, maszyna podnosząca

dźwig, maszyna podnosząca

Ex: The port relied on cranes to unload cargo ships, transferring containers from the docks to waiting trucks. 

Port polegał na dźwigach przy rozładunku statków towarowych, przenosząc kontenery z doków na czekające ciężarówki.

capacity
capacity
[Rzeczownik]

the quantity that is possible by a machine, etc. to produce

pojemność, wydajność

pojemność, wydajność

Ex: The capacity of the team to innovate led to breakthroughs in technology. 
to service
to service
[Czasownik]

to maintain, repair, or prepare something so that it is fit for use

serwisować, konserwować

serwisować, konserwować

Ex: Regularly servicing equipment extends its lifespan. 
prototype
prototype
[Rzeczownik]

an early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied

prototyp, model wstępny

prototyp, model wstępny

Ex: Before mass production, the team reviewed several prototypes to ensure the final product met all design specifications. 

Przed masową produkcją zespół przejrzał kilka prototypów, aby upewnić się, że finalny produkt spełnia wszystkie specyfikacje projektowe.

current
current
[Rzeczownik]

a flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction

prąd, prąd elektryczny

prąd, prąd elektryczny

Ex: The alternator produces a current by moving charged particles within its magnetic field. 
adapter
adapter
[Rzeczownik]

a device used for connecting two pieces of equipment that are not compatible with each other

adapter, przetwornik

adapter, przetwornik

Ex: This adapter converts USB-C to HDMI for connecting to a projector. 
to model
to model
[Czasownik]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

modelować, reprezentować

modelować, reprezentować

Ex: Economists model supply and demand to understand market trends and make forecasts. 
laboratory
laboratory
[Rzeczownik]

a room or building equipped for scientific research, experiments, testing, or the production of chemicals or medicines

Ex: Sarah spent the afternoon analyzing samples in the laboratory. 
sample
sample
[Rzeczownik]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

próbka, wzór

próbka, wzór

Ex: The lab technician collected a blood sample for analysis. 
method
method
[Rzeczownik]

a specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one

metoda, sposób

metoda, sposób

Ex: The scientific method involves systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation. 
to conduct
to conduct
[Czasownik]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

kierować, przeprowadzać

kierować, przeprowadzać

Ex: The experienced project manager will conduct the team in implementing the new software. 
evaluation
evaluation
[Rzeczownik]

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

ocena

ocena

Ex: The evaluation of the project's success will be based on the achievement of key performance indicators. 
experimental
experimental
[przymiotnik]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

eksperymentalny

eksperymentalny

Ex: The experimental design included control groups to compare the effectiveness of different treatments. 

Projekt eksperymentalny obejmował grupy kontrolne w celu porównania skuteczności różnych metod leczenia.

finding
finding
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

odkrycie, wniosek

odkrycie, wniosek

Ex: The scientist's finding revealed a new way to treat the disease. 
hypothesis
hypothesis
[Rzeczownik]

a proposed explanation for a situation or set of facts that has not yet been proved

hipoteza,  przypuszczenie

hipoteza, przypuszczenie

Ex: Researchers rejected the hypothesis after examining the data. 
guinea pig
guinea pig
[Rzeczownik]

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

królik doświadczalny, osoba testowa

królik doświadczalny, osoba testowa

Ex: The patients felt like guinea pigs in an unfinished drug trial. 
to detect
to detect
[Czasownik]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

wykrywać, odkrywać

wykrywać, odkrywać

Ex: The security system is designed to detect unauthorized access to the building. 
to classify
to classify
[Czasownik]

to arrange people or things into groups according to shared characteristics or qualities

Ex: The products are classified according to their intended use. 
discovery
discovery
[Rzeczownik]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

odkrycie, znalezisko

odkrycie, znalezisko

Ex: The discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first antibiotic. 
archeologist
archeologist
[Rzeczownik]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

archeolog

archeolog

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