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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Inženýrství a Výzkum

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o inženýrství a výzkumu, jako je "drát", "vypínač", "jeřáb" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
apparatus
apparatus
[Podstatné jméno]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

přístroj, vybavení

přístroj, vybavení

Ex: The gymnastics competition required athletes to perform routines on various apparatus such as the balance beam and parallel bars. 

Gymnastická soutěž vyžadovala, aby sportovci prováděli sestavy na různých nářadích, jako je kladina a bradla.

instrument
instrument
[Podstatné jméno]

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

nástroj, přístroj

nástroj, přístroj

Ex: The scientist used a complex instrument to measure the chemical reactions accurately. 
microchip
microchip
[Podstatné jméno]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

mikročip, čip

mikročip, čip

Ex: The new microchip design promises faster processing speeds. 

Nový design mikročipu slibuje rychlejší rychlosti zpracování.

telescope
telescope
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible

teleskop, dalekohled

teleskop, dalekohled

Ex: They purchased a telescope to enhance their night sky observations. 

Koupili si dalekohled, aby zlepšili své pozorování noční oblohy.

wire
wire
[Podstatné jméno]

a long and thin piece of metal that carries an electric current

drát, kabel

drát, kabel

Ex: The damaged wire caused the lamp to stop working. 
switch
switch
[Podstatné jméno]

something such as a button or key that turns a machine, lamp, etc. on or off

vypínač, přepínač

vypínač, přepínač

Ex: She pressed the switch to turn on the light in the room. 
sensor
sensor
[Podstatné jméno]

a machine or device that detects any changes in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices

senzor, detektor

senzor, detektor

Ex: The smart home system uses sensors to control the lights and heating. 
circuit
circuit
[Podstatné jméno]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

obvod

obvod

Ex: The electrical circuit is designed to power the light bulb when the switch is turned on. 
screw
screw
[Podstatné jméno]

a metal fastener with a spiral thread that is turned into material to hold objects together

šroub,  vrut

šroub, vrut

Ex: Be careful not to drop the tiny screw on the floor. 
machinery
machinery
[Podstatné jméno]

machines, especially large or complex ones, considered collectively

stroje,  strojní zařízení

stroje, strojní zařízení

Ex: Several pieces of machinery were damaged in the fire. 
mechanical
mechanical
[Přídavné jméno]

operated by a machine or by a system of moving parts

mechanický,  mechanický

mechanický, mechanický

Ex: She prefers a mechanical watch that does not require a battery. 
cable
cable
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of insulated wires or fibers used to carry electricity or electronic signals

kabel,  vodič

kabel, vodič

Ex: The signal travels through an underground cable. 
crane
crane
[Podstatné jméno]

a very large tall machine used for lifting heavy objects

jeřáb, zvedací stroj

jeřáb, zvedací stroj

Ex: The film crew set up a crane to capture sweeping aerial shots of the city skyline for the movie. 

Filmový tým postavil jeřáb, aby zachytil rozsáhlé letecké záběry městského horizontu pro film.

capacity
capacity
[Podstatné jméno]

the quantity that is possible by a machine, etc. to produce

kapacita, výkon

kapacita, výkon

Ex: The plant is operating at full capacity. 
to service
to service
[sloveso]

to maintain, repair, or prepare something so that it is fit for use

servisovat, udržovat

servisovat, udržovat

Ex: Regularly servicing equipment extends its lifespan. 
prototype
prototype
[Podstatné jméno]

an early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied

prototyp, předběžný model

prototyp, předběžný model

Ex: The prototype of the wearable device helped identify potential improvements before the product went to market. 

Prototyp nositelného zařízení pomohl identifikovat potenciální vylepšení před uvedením produktu na trh.

current
current
[Podstatné jméno]

a flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction

proud, elektrický proud

proud, elektrický proud

Ex: The wire carries an electric current. 
adapter
adapter
[Podstatné jméno]

a device used for connecting two pieces of equipment that are not compatible with each other

adaptér, převodník

adaptér, převodník

Ex: The power adapter came with several interchangeable tips for different devices. 
to model
to model
[sloveso]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

modelovat, reprezentovat

modelovat, reprezentovat

Ex: Economists model supply and demand to understand market trends and make forecasts. 
laboratory
laboratory
[Podstatné jméno]

a room or building equipped for scientific research, experiments, testing, or the production of chemicals or medicines

laboratoř,  lab

laboratoř, lab

Ex: Sarah spent the afternoon analyzing samples in the laboratory. 
sample
sample
[Podstatné jméno]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

vzorek, příklad

vzorek, příklad

Ex: The lab technician collected a blood sample for analysis. 
method
method
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one

metoda, postup

metoda, postup

Ex: The scientific method involves systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation. 
to conduct
to conduct
[sloveso]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

vést, provádět

vést, provádět

Ex: The experienced project manager will conduct the team in implementing the new software. 
evaluation
evaluation
[Podstatné jméno]

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

hodnocení

hodnocení

Ex: The evaluation of the project's success will be based on the achievement of key performance indicators. 
experimental
experimental
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

experimentální

experimentální

Ex: The experimental aircraft is equipped with advanced technology for testing aerodynamic principles. 

Experimentální letoun je vybaven pokročilou technologií pro testování aerodynamických principů.

finding
finding
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

nález, objev

nález, objev

Ex: The scientist's finding revealed a new way to treat the disease. 
hypothesis
hypothesis
[Podstatné jméno]

a proposed explanation for a situation or set of facts that has not yet been proved

hypotéza,  domněnka

hypotéza, domněnka

Ex: He proposed a hypothesis to explain the unusual pattern. 
guinea pig
guinea pig
[Podstatné jméno]

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

pokusný králík, pokusná osoba

pokusný králík, pokusná osoba

Ex: The patients felt like guinea pigs in an unfinished drug trial. 
to detect
to detect
[sloveso]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

detekovat, objevit

detekovat, objevit

Ex: The security system is designed to detect unauthorized access to the building. 
to classify
to classify
[sloveso]

to arrange people or things into groups according to shared characteristics or qualities

Ex: Daniel found it difficult to classify the unusual plant. 
discovery
discovery
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

objev, nález

objev, nález

Ex: The discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first antibiotic. 
archeologist
archeologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

archeolog

archeolog

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