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托福必备词汇 - 工程与研究

在这里,你将学习一些关于工程和研究的英语单词,如“电线”、“开关”、“起重机”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
apparatus
[名词]

tools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose

装置, 设备

装置, 设备

Ex: The gymnastics competition required athletes to perform routines on various apparatus such as the balance beam and parallel bars .体操比赛要求运动员在平衡木和双杠等各种**器械**上完成动作。
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instrument
[名词]

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

仪器, 工具

仪器, 工具

Ex: The laboratory technician handled the delicate instrument with care to avoid any errors .实验室技术员小心处理了精密的**仪器**以避免任何错误。
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microchip
[名词]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

微芯片, 芯片

微芯片, 芯片

Ex: The new microchip design promises faster processing speeds .新的**微芯片**设计承诺更快的处理速度。
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telescope
[名词]

a piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible

望远镜, 天文望远镜

望远镜, 天文望远镜

Ex: They purchased a telescope to enhance their night sky observations .他们购买了一台**望远镜**以增强对夜空的观测。
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wire
[名词]

a long and thin piece of metal that carries an electric current

电线, 电缆

电线, 电缆

Ex: The electrician carefully stripped the insulation from the wire to connect it to the light fixture .电工小心地从**电线**上剥去绝缘层,以将其连接到灯具上。
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switch
[名词]

something such as a button or key that turns a machine, lamp, etc. on or off

开关, 按钮

开关, 按钮

Ex: The switch on the blender had multiple settings for different blending speeds .搅拌机上的**开关**有多种不同的搅拌速度设置。
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sensor
[名词]

a machine or device that detects any changes in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices

传感器, 探测器

传感器, 探测器

Ex: The smart home system uses sensors to control the lights and heating .智能家居系统使用**传感器**来控制灯光和暖气。
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circuit
[名词]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

电路

电路

Ex: The current in the circuit can be measured using an ammeter .电路中的电流可以用电流表测量。
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screw
[名词]

a small pointy piece of metal that can be fasten into wooden or metal objects using a screwdriver to hold things together

螺丝, 螺栓

螺丝, 螺栓

Ex: He replaced the old screws with longer ones to better secure the shelf to the wall .他用更长的**螺丝**替换了旧的,以便更好地将架子固定在墙上。
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machinery
[名词]

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

机械, 工业设备

机械, 工业设备

Ex: The workers received training on how to safely operate the new machinery introduced to the workshop .工人们接受了关于如何安全操作引入车间的新**机械**的培训。
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mechanical
[形容词]

(of an object) powered by machinery or an engine

机械的

机械的

Ex: The mechanical lawnmower relies on a gasoline engine to power its blades and propel itself across the lawn .**机械**割草机依靠汽油发动机为其刀片提供动力并推动自己在草坪上移动。
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cable
[名词]

a group of wires bundled together for transmitting electricity that is protected within a rubber case

电缆, 电线

电缆, 电线

Ex: The technician checked the cable connections to troubleshoot the electrical issue .技术人员检查了**电缆**连接以解决电气问题。
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crane
[名词]

a very large tall machine used for lifting heavy objects

起重机, 吊车

起重机, 吊车

Ex: The film crew set up a crane to capture sweeping aerial shots of the city skyline for the movie .电影剧组架设了一台**起重机**来捕捉城市天际线的广阔航拍镜头。
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capacity
[名词]

the quantity that is possible by a machine, etc. to produce

容量, 生产能力

容量, 生产能力

Ex: The capacity of the team to innovate led to breakthroughs in technology .团队创新的**能力**带来了技术上的突破。
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to service
[动词]

to check and fix something so it is becomes ready to be used

检修, 维护

检修, 维护

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prototype
[名词]

an early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied

原型, 初步模型

原型, 初步模型

Ex: The prototype of the wearable device helped identify potential improvements before the product went to market .可穿戴设备的**原型**有助于在产品上市前识别潜在的改进点。
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current
[名词]

a flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction

电流, 电的流动

电流, 电的流动

Ex: The alternator produces a current by moving charged particles within its magnetic field .交流发电机通过在其磁场内移动带电粒子产生**电流**。
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adapter
[名词]

a device used for connecting two pieces of equipment that are not compatible with each other

适配器, 转换器

适配器, 转换器

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to model
[动词]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

建模, 代表

建模, 代表

Ex: By modeling the financial system , they were able to predict the economic impact of the policy changes .通过**建模**金融系统,他们能够预测政策变化的经济影响。
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laboratory
[名词]

a place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.

实验室, 实验室

实验室, 实验室

Ex: Food scientists work in laboratories to develop new food products and improve food safety standards .食品科学家在**实验室**工作,以开发新的食品并提高食品安全标准。
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sample
[名词]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

样本, 样品

样本, 样品

Ex: The biopsy sample was examined to diagnose the disease .为了诊断疾病,对活检**样本**进行了检查。
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method
[名词]

a specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one

方法, 方式

方法, 方式

Ex: The Montessori method emphasizes hands-on learning and self-directed exploration for young children .蒙特梭利**方法**强调幼儿的动手学习和自主探索。
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to conduct
[动词]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

指导, 进行

指导, 进行

Ex: The CEO will personally conduct negotiations with potential business partners .首席执行官将亲自**进行**与潜在商业伙伴的谈判。
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evaluation
[名词]

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

评估

评估

Ex: The annual performance evaluation provides valuable feedback to employees on their strengths and areas for improvement .年度绩效**评估**为员工提供了关于他们的优势和需要改进的领域的宝贵反馈。
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experimental
[形容词]

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

实验性的

实验性的

Ex: The experimental aircraft is equipped with advanced technology for testing aerodynamic principles .这架**实验性**飞机配备了先进技术,用于测试空气动力学原理。
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finding
[名词]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

发现, 研究结果

发现, 研究结果

Ex: Their finding suggested that diet plays a major role in health outcomes .他们的**发现**表明饮食在健康结果中起着重要作用。
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hypothesis
[名词]

an explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true

假设, 推测

假设, 推测

Ex: After analyzing the data , they either confirmed or refuted their initial hypothesis.在分析数据后,他们要么证实要么反驳了他们最初的**假设**。
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guinea pig
[名词]

someone on whom scientific experiments are tested

豚鼠, 实验对象

豚鼠, 实验对象

Ex: The restaurant decided to make its customers guinea pigs by offering a new experimental menu item .餐厅决定通过提供一个新的实验性菜单项目,让它的顾客成为**小白鼠**。
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to detect
[动词]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

检测, 发现

检测, 发现

Ex: The lifeguard detected signs of distress in the swimmer and acted promptly .救生员**发现**了游泳者的痛苦迹象并迅速采取了行动。
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to classify
[动词]

to put people or things in different categories or groups

分类, 归类

分类, 归类

Ex: The botanist recently classified plants into different species based on their characteristics .植物学家最近根据植物的特征将它们**分类**为不同的物种。
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discovery
[名词]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

发现, 发觉

发现, 发觉

Ex: The discovery of a hidden chamber in the pyramid opened up new avenues of exploration for archaeologists .金字塔中隐藏房间的**发现**为考古学家开辟了新的探索途径。
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archeologist
[名词]

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

考古学家

考古学家

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