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Podstawowe Słownictwo do TOEFL - Space

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o kosmosie, takich jak "galaktyka", "słoneczny", "kosmiczny" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
universe
[Rzeczownik]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

wszechświat

wszechświat

Ex: Astronomers study distant galaxies to understand the vastness and complexity of the universe. 
cosmos
cosmos
[Rzeczownik]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

kosmos, wszechświat

kosmos, wszechświat

Ex: The study of the cosmos encompasses the exploration of galaxies, stars, and planets. 
galaxy
galaxy
[Rzeczownik]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

galaktyka

galaktyka

Ex: Galaxies can vary in shape and size, with types including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies, each having distinct structures and characteristics. 
astronomy
astronomy
[Rzeczownik]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

astronomia, nauka o gwiazdach

astronomia, nauka o gwiazdach

Ex: Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. 
the Milky Way
the Milky Way
[Rzeczownik]

a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Droga Mleczna, Galaktyka

Droga Mleczna, Galaktyka

Ex: The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. 
solar system
solar system
[Rzeczownik]

the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

układ słoneczny, układ słoneczny

układ słoneczny, układ słoneczny

Ex: Earth is one of eight planets in the solar system. 
aerospace
aerospace
[Rzeczownik]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

lotnictwo i kosmonautyka, atmosfera i przestrzeń kosmiczna

lotnictwo i kosmonautyka, atmosfera i przestrzeń kosmiczna

Ex: She studied aerospace engineering to pursue a career in space exploration. 
gravity
gravity
[Rzeczownik]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

grawitacja

grawitacja

Ex: Gravity is what keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth. 
astronomer
astronomer
[Rzeczownik]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom

astronom

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
constellation
constellation
[Rzeczownik]

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

konstelacja, grupa gwiazd

konstelacja, grupa gwiazd

Ex: Orion is a well-known constellation visible in the winter sky. 
solar
solar
[przymiotnik]

related to the sun

słoneczny, heliocentryczny

słoneczny, heliocentryczny

Ex: Solar eclipses occur when the moon blocks the sun's light. 
lunar
lunar
[przymiotnik]

relating to the moon

księżycowy, lunarny

księżycowy, lunarny

Ex: She purchased a lunar calendar to track the phases of the moon. 
big bang
big bang
[Rzeczownik]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

Wielki Wybuch, teoria Wielkiego Wybuchu

Wielki Wybuch, teoria Wielkiego Wybuchu

Ex: The Big Bang theory posits that the universe began with a massive explosion approximately 13.8 billion years ago. 
black hole
black hole
[Rzeczownik]

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

czarna dziura, ciemna dziura

czarna dziura, ciemna dziura

Ex: Black holes are formed from the remnants of massive stars that have ended their life cycles and collapsed under their own gravity. 
comet
comet
[Rzeczownik]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

kometa

kometa

Ex: Halley's Comet is one of the most famous comets, visible from Earth approximately every 76 years. 
cosmic
cosmic
[przymiotnik]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

kosmiczny, uniwersalny

kosmiczny, uniwersalny

Ex: Cosmic phenomena encompass the vast and often mysterious aspects of the universe beyond Earth. 
meteor
meteor
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

meteor,  meteoryt

meteor, meteoryt

Ex: We saw a bright meteor streak across the sky during the meteor shower last night. 
meteorite
meteorite
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

meteoryt, aerolit

meteoryt, aerolit

Ex: Scientists analyzed the composition of the meteorite that fell in the desert last month. 
eclipse
eclipse
[Rzeczownik]

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

zaćmienie, przesłonięcie

zaćmienie, przesłonięcie

Ex: We watched the solar eclipse through special protective glasses. 
alien
alien
[Rzeczownik]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

obcy, kosmita

obcy, kosmita

Ex: The idea of aliens visiting Earth has been a topic of debate and speculation, with various reports and sightings fueling conspiracy theories. 
satellite
satellite
[Rzeczownik]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

satelita, statek kosmiczny

satelita, statek kosmiczny

Ex: The weather satellite provided real-time images of storm systems to help meteorologists forecast the weather. 
to orbit
to orbit
[Czasownik]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

orbitować, krążyć wokół

orbitować, krążyć wokół

Ex: The moon orbits around the Earth once every 27.3 days. 
rotation
rotation
[Rzeczownik]

a single complete circular movement around an axis or along an orbit

obrót, rotacja

obrót, rotacja

Ex: One full rotation of the Earth takes twenty-four hours. 
astronaut
astronaut
[Rzeczownik]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

astronauta, kosmonauta

astronauta, kosmonauta

Ex: She fulfilled her childhood dream of becoming an astronaut and traveled to the International Space Station. 
spacecraft
spacecraft
[Rzeczownik]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

statek kosmiczny, pojazd kosmiczny

statek kosmiczny, pojazd kosmiczny

Ex: The spacecraft was launched to explore Mars and collect data about the planet's surface and atmosphere. 
rocket
rocket
[Rzeczownik]

a propulsion device with its own fuel that produces thrust through reaction forces

rakieta, nośnik

rakieta, nośnik

Ex: The rocket engine burned fuel to lift the spacecraft. 
mission
mission
[Rzeczownik]

an operation carried out in space

misja

misja

Ex: The Apollo 11 mission successfully landed astronauts on the Moon in 1969. 
to launch
to launch
[Czasownik]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

wystrzelić, uruchomić

wystrzelić, uruchomić

Ex: The military launched a missile as part of a test exercise. 
countdown
countdown
[Rzeczownik]

the act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft

odliczanie, odliczanie wsteczne

odliczanie, odliczanie wsteczne

unidentified flying object

a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

niezidentyfikowany obiekt latający

niezidentyfikowany obiekt latający

Ex: Witnesses reported seeing an unidentified flying object hovering silently in the night sky. 
voyage
voyage
[Rzeczownik]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

podróż, rejs

podróż, rejs

Ex: The space mission was a historic voyage to the International Space Station. 
NASA
NASA
[Rzeczownik]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

NASA,  Narodowa Agencja Aeronautyki i Przestrzeni Kosmicznej

NASA, Narodowa Agencja Aeronautyki i Przestrzeni Kosmicznej

Ex: NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is responsible for the United States' civilian space program. 
light year
light year
[Rzeczownik]

the distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers

rok świetlny, ly

rok świetlny, ly

ray
ray
[Rzeczownik]

a column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

promień, wiązka

promień, wiązka

Ex: A ray of sunlight streamed through the window. 
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