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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Space

Here you will learn some English words about space, such as "galaxy", "solar", "cosmic", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
universe
[noun]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

Ex: Philosophers and physicists ponder the ultimate fate and origin of the universe.
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cosmos
cosmos
[noun]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

Ex: Understanding the cosmos requires interdisciplinary collaboration across astronomy , cosmology , and physics .
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galaxy
galaxy
[noun]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

Ex: Observations of distant galaxies help astronomers understand the early universe and the processes that led to the formation of galaxies.
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astronomy
astronomy
[noun]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

Ex: The university offers a course in astronomy for students interested in space exploration .
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the Milky Way

a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Ex: Ancient cultures observed the Milky Way and incorporated it into their myths and legends.
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solar system

the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

Ex: Scientists believe the solar system formed over 4.5 billion years ago .
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aerospace
aerospace
[noun]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

Ex: Advances in aerospace technology have led to more efficient and safer air travel around the world .
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gravity
gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: The strength of gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .
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astronomer

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

Ex: Modern astronomers use computer simulations and mathematical models to predict celestial events and phenomena .
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constellation

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

Ex: The constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .
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solar
solar
[Adjective]

related to the sun

Ex: Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.
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lunar
lunar
[Adjective]

relating to the moon

Ex: Lunar craters are formed by meteorite impacts on the moon's surface.
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big bang
big bang
[noun]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

Ex: Scientists continue to explore the implications of the Big Bang theory through astronomical observations and theoretical physics.
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black hole

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

Ex: The boundary surrounding a black hole, beyond which nothing can escape , is called the event horizon .
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comet
comet
[noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

Ex: The appearance of a bright comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .
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cosmic
cosmic
[Adjective]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

Ex: Cosmic consciousness is a philosophical concept exploring humanity 's connection to the universe .
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meteor
meteor
[noun]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

Ex: The Perseid meteor shower is one of the most famous annual meteor showers, visible in August.
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meteorite
meteorite
[noun]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: The study of meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
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eclipse
eclipse
[noun]

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

Ex: During the eclipse, the sky darkened even at midday .
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alien
alien
[noun]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

Ex: The alien landed in the field , its long limbs and glowing eyes striking terror in the onlookers .
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satellite
satellite
[noun]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

Ex: He studied images sent by a satellite in space .
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to orbit
to orbit
[Verb]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

Ex: The dwarf planet Pluto orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .
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rotation
rotation
[noun]

a single complete circular movement around an axis or along an orbit

Ex: The model shows the rotation of planets in the solar system .
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astronaut
astronaut
[noun]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

Ex: He wrote a memoir detailing his experiences as an astronaut, including his spacewalks and scientific research .
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spacecraft

a vehicle designed to travel in space

Ex: After completing its mission , the spacecraft re-entered Earth 's atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .
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rocket
rocket
[noun]

a propulsion device with its own fuel that produces thrust through reaction forces

Ex: Safety protocols are crucial when handling a rocket.
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mission
mission
[noun]

an operation carried out in space

Ex: NASA 's Voyager spacecraft embarked on a historic mission to explore the outer planets of our solar system .
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to launch
to launch
[Verb]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

Ex: SpaceX is preparing to launch another batch of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit .
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countdown
countdown
[noun]

the act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft

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unidentified flying object

a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

Ex: The pilots reported encountering an unidentified flying object that moved at high speeds and changed direction abruptly .
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voyage
voyage
[noun]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

Ex: The documentary chronicled the voyage of a famous explorer and the discoveries made along the way .
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NASA
NASA
[noun]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

Ex: NASA's Artemis program aims to return astronauts to the Moon and establish a sustainable lunar presence by the 2020s .
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light year

the distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers

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ray
ray
[noun]

a column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

Ex: A single ray from the torch revealed the hidden path .
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