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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Space

Here you will learn some English words about space, such as "galaxy", "solar", "cosmic", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
universe
[noun]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

Ex: Astronomers study distant galaxies to understand the vastness and complexity of the universe. 
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cosmos
cosmos
[noun]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

Ex: The study of the cosmos encompasses the exploration of galaxies, stars, and planets. 
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galaxy
galaxy
[noun]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

Ex: Galaxies can vary in shape and size, with types including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies, each having distinct structures and characteristics. 
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astronomy
astronomy
[noun]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

Ex: Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. 
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the Milky Way

a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Ex: The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. 
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solar system

the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

Ex: Earth is one of eight planets in the solar system. 
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aerospace
aerospace
[noun]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

Ex: She studied aerospace engineering to pursue a career in space exploration. 
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gravity
gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: Gravity is what keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth. 
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astronomer

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
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constellation

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

Ex: Orion is a well-known constellation visible in the winter sky. 
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solar
solar
[Adjective]

related to the sun

Ex: Solar eclipses occur when the moon blocks the sun's light. 
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lunar
lunar
[Adjective]

relating to the moon

Ex: She purchased a lunar calendar to track the phases of the moon. 
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big bang
big bang
[noun]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

Ex: The Big Bang theory posits that the universe began with a massive explosion approximately 13.8 billion years ago. 
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black hole

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

Ex: Black holes are formed from the remnants of massive stars that have ended their life cycles and collapsed under their own gravity. 
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comet
comet
[noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

Ex: Halley's Comet is one of the most famous comets, visible from Earth approximately every 76 years. 
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cosmic
cosmic
[Adjective]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

Ex: Cosmic phenomena encompass the vast and often mysterious aspects of the universe beyond Earth. 
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meteor
meteor
[noun]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

Ex: We saw a bright meteor streak across the sky during the meteor shower last night. 
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meteorite
meteorite
[noun]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: Scientists analyzed the composition of the meteorite that fell in the desert last month. 
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eclipse
eclipse
[noun]

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

Ex: We watched the solar eclipse through special protective glasses. 
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alien
alien
[noun]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

Ex: The idea of aliens visiting Earth has been a topic of debate and speculation, with various reports and sightings fueling conspiracy theories. 
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satellite
satellite
[noun]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

Ex: The weather satellite provided real-time images of storm systems to help meteorologists forecast the weather. 
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to orbit
to orbit
[Verb]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

Ex: The moon orbits around the Earth once every 27.3 days. 
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rotation
rotation
[noun]

a single complete circular movement around an axis or along an orbit

Ex: One full rotation of the Earth takes twenty-four hours. 
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astronaut
astronaut
[noun]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

Ex: She fulfilled her childhood dream of becoming an astronaut and traveled to the International Space Station. 
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spacecraft

a vehicle designed to travel in space

Ex: The spacecraft was launched to explore Mars and collect data about the planet's surface and atmosphere. 
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rocket
rocket
[noun]

a propulsion device with its own fuel that produces thrust through reaction forces

Ex: The rocket engine burned fuel to lift the spacecraft. 
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mission
mission
[noun]

an operation carried out in space

Ex: The Apollo 11 mission successfully landed astronauts on the Moon in 1969. 
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to launch
to launch
[Verb]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

Ex: The military launched a missile as part of a test exercise. 
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countdown
countdown
[noun]

the act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft

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unidentified flying object

a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

Ex: Witnesses reported seeing an unidentified flying object hovering silently in the night sky. 
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voyage
voyage
[noun]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

Ex: The space mission was a historic voyage to the International Space Station. 
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NASA
NASA
[noun]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

Ex: NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is responsible for the United States' civilian space program. 
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light year

the distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers

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ray
ray
[noun]

a column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

Ex: A ray of sunlight streamed through the window. 
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