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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Space

Here you will learn some English words about space, such as "galaxy", "solar", "cosmic", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
[noun]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

Ex: Philosophers and physicists ponder the ultimate fate and origin of universe.
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cosmos
[noun]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

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galaxy
[noun]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

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astronomy
[noun]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

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a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Ex: The Milky Way is home to billions of stars , including our sun .
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the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

Ex: Scientists believe solar system formed over 4.5 billion years ago .
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aerospace
[noun]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

Ex: Advances aerospace technology have led to more efficient and safer air travel around the world .
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gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

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a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

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a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

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solar
[Adjective]

related to the sun

Ex: Many homes now solar water heaters to reduce energy bills .
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lunar
[Adjective]

relating to the moon

Ex: Lunar rocks brought back from Apollo missions provide valuable insights into the moon 's composition .
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big bang
[noun]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

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a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

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comet
[noun]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

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cosmic
[Adjective]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

Ex: Cosmic consciousness is a philosophical concept exploring humanity 's connection to the universe .
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meteor
[noun]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

Ex: A meteorite is meteor that survives its passage through the atmosphere and lands on Earth 's surface .
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meteorite
[noun]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

Ex: The study meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
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eclipse
[noun]

a period during which the sun or the moon is shadowed by a dark circle

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alien
[noun]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

Ex: alien landed in the field , its long limbs and glowing eyes striking terror in the onlookers .
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satellite
[noun]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

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to orbit
[Verb]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

Ex: The dwarf planet orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .
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rotation
[noun]

the action of circular movement around a fixed point

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astronaut
[noun]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

Ex: He wrote a memoir detailing his experiences as astronaut, including his spacewalks and scientific research .
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a vehicle designed to travel in space

Ex: After completing its mission , spacecraft re-entered Earth ’s atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .
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mission
[noun]

an operation carried out in space

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to launch
[Verb]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

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a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

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voyage
[noun]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

Ex: The documentary chronicled voyage of a famous explorer and the discoveries made along the way .
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NASA
[noun]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

Ex: NASA's Artemis program aims to return astronauts to the Moon and establish a sustainable lunar presence by the 2020s .
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ray
[noun]

a narrow beam of light, heat, or other form of energy

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