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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Space

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o vesmíru, jako "galaxy", "solar", "cosmic" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
universe
[Podstatné jméno]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

vesmír

vesmír

Ex: Astronomers study distant galaxies to understand the vastness and complexity of the universe. 
cosmos
cosmos
[Podstatné jméno]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

kosmos, vesmír

kosmos, vesmír

Ex: The study of the cosmos encompasses the exploration of galaxies, stars, and planets. 
galaxy
galaxy
[Podstatné jméno]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

galaxie

galaxie

Ex: Galaxies can vary in shape and size, with types including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies, each having distinct structures and characteristics. 
astronomy
astronomy
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

astronomie, věda o hvězdách

astronomie, věda o hvězdách

Ex: Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. 
the Milky Way
the Milky Way
[Podstatné jméno]

a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Mléčná dráha, Galaxie

Mléčná dráha, Galaxie

Ex: The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. 
solar system
solar system
[Podstatné jméno]

the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

sluneční soustava, sluneční soustava

sluneční soustava, sluneční soustava

Ex: Earth is one of eight planets in the solar system. 
aerospace
aerospace
[Podstatné jméno]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

letectví a kosmonautika, atmosféra a vesmír

letectví a kosmonautika, atmosféra a vesmír

Ex: She studied aerospace engineering to pursue a career in space exploration. 
gravity
gravity
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

gravitace

gravitace

Ex: Gravity is what keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth. 
astronomer
astronomer
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom

astronom

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
constellation
constellation
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

souhvězdí, skupina hvězd

souhvězdí, skupina hvězd

Ex: Orion is a well-known constellation visible in the winter sky. 
solar
solar
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the sun

solární, heliocentrický

solární, heliocentrický

Ex: Solar eclipses occur when the moon blocks the sun's light. 
lunar
lunar
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the moon

měsíční, lunární

měsíční, lunární

Ex: She purchased a lunar calendar to track the phases of the moon. 
big bang
big bang
[Podstatné jméno]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

Velký třesk, teorie Velkého třesku

Velký třesk, teorie Velkého třesku

Ex: The Big Bang theory posits that the universe began with a massive explosion approximately 13.8 billion years ago. 
black hole
black hole
[Podstatné jméno]

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

černá díra, temná díra

černá díra, temná díra

Ex: Black holes are formed from the remnants of massive stars that have ended their life cycles and collapsed under their own gravity. 
comet
comet
[Podstatné jméno]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

kometa

kometa

Ex: Halley's Comet is one of the most famous comets, visible from Earth approximately every 76 years. 
cosmic
cosmic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

kosmický, univerzální

kosmický, univerzální

Ex: Cosmic phenomena encompass the vast and often mysterious aspects of the universe beyond Earth. 
meteor
meteor
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

meteor,  meteorit

meteor, meteorit

Ex: We saw a bright meteor streak across the sky during the meteor shower last night. 
meteorite
meteorite
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

meteorit, aerolit

meteorit, aerolit

Ex: Scientists analyzed the composition of the meteorite that fell in the desert last month. 
eclipse
eclipse
[Podstatné jméno]

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

zatmění, okultace

zatmění, okultace

Ex: We watched the solar eclipse through special protective glasses. 
alien
alien
[Podstatné jméno]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

mimozemšťan, vetřelec

mimozemšťan, vetřelec

Ex: The idea of aliens visiting Earth has been a topic of debate and speculation, with various reports and sightings fueling conspiracy theories. 
satellite
satellite
[Podstatné jméno]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

družice, vesmírné plavidlo

družice, vesmírné plavidlo

Ex: The weather satellite provided real-time images of storm systems to help meteorologists forecast the weather. 
to orbit
to orbit
[sloveso]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

obíhat, kroužit kolem

obíhat, kroužit kolem

Ex: The moon orbits around the Earth once every 27.3 days. 
rotation
rotation
[Podstatné jméno]

a single complete circular movement around an axis or along an orbit

rotace, otáčení

rotace, otáčení

Ex: One full rotation of the Earth takes twenty-four hours. 
astronaut
astronaut
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

astronaut, kosmonaut

astronaut, kosmonaut

Ex: She fulfilled her childhood dream of becoming an astronaut and traveled to the International Space Station. 
spacecraft
spacecraft
[Podstatné jméno]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

kosmická loď, vesmírné plavidlo

kosmická loď, vesmírné plavidlo

Ex: The spacecraft was launched to explore Mars and collect data about the planet's surface and atmosphere. 
rocket
rocket
[Podstatné jméno]

a propulsion device with its own fuel that produces thrust through reaction forces

raketa, nosič

raketa, nosič

Ex: The rocket engine burned fuel to lift the spacecraft. 
mission
mission
[Podstatné jméno]

an operation carried out in space

mise

mise

Ex: The Apollo 11 mission successfully landed astronauts on the Moon in 1969. 
to launch
to launch
[sloveso]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

vypustit, odpálit

vypustit, odpálit

Ex: The military launched a missile as part of a test exercise. 
countdown
countdown
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft

odpočítávání, zpětný odpočet

odpočítávání, zpětný odpočet

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object
[Podstatné jméno]

a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

neidentifikovaný létající objekt

neidentifikovaný létající objekt

Ex: Witnesses reported seeing an unidentified flying object hovering silently in the night sky. 
voyage
voyage
[Podstatné jméno]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

cesta, plavba

cesta, plavba

Ex: The space mission was a historic voyage to the International Space Station. 
NASA
NASA
[Podstatné jméno]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

NASA,  Národní úřad pro letectví a vesmír

NASA, Národní úřad pro letectví a vesmír

Ex: NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is responsible for the United States' civilian space program. 
light year
light year
[Podstatné jméno]

the distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers

světelný rok, ly

světelný rok, ly

ray
ray
[Podstatné jméno]

a column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

paprsek, svazek

paprsek, svazek

Ex: A ray of sunlight streamed through the window. 
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