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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Space

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o vesmíru, jako je „galaxie“, „solární“, „vesmír“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
[Podstatné jméno]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

vesmír, univers

vesmír, univers

Ex: Philosophers and physicists ponder the ultimate fate and origin of universe.
cosmos
[Podstatné jméno]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

kosmos, vesmír

kosmos, vesmír

Ex: Understanding cosmos requires interdisciplinary collaboration across astronomy , cosmology , and physics .
galaxy
[Podstatné jméno]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

galaxie, hvězdné soustavy

galaxie, hvězdné soustavy

Ex: Observations of distant galaxies help astronomers understand the early universe and the processes that led to the formation galaxies.
astronomy
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

astronomie, hvězdářství

astronomie, hvězdářství

Ex: The university offers a course astronomy for students interested in space exploration .
the Milky Way
[Podstatné jméno]

a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

Mléčná dráha, Mléčný patent

Mléčná dráha, Mléčný patent

Ex: The Milky Way is home to billions of stars , including our sun .
solar system
[Podstatné jméno]

the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

sluneční soustava, sluneční systém

sluneční soustava, sluneční systém

Ex: Scientists believe solar system formed over 4.5 billion years ago .
aerospace
[Podstatné jméno]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

letectví a kosmonautika, aerospace

letectví a kosmonautika, aerospace

Ex: Advances aerospace technology have led to more efficient and safer air travel around the world .
gravity
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

gravita, gravitace

gravita, gravitace

Ex: The strength gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .
astronomer
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom, astronomka

astronom, astronomka

constellation
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

souhvězdí, konstelace

souhvězdí, konstelace

Ex: constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .
solar
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the sun

sluneční, solární

sluneční, solární

Ex: Many homes now solar water heaters to reduce energy bills .
lunar
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the moon

měsíční, lunární

měsíční, lunární

Ex: Lunar rocks brought back from Apollo missions provide valuable insights into the moon 's composition .
big bang
[Podstatné jméno]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

Velký třesk, Velký výbuch

Velký třesk, Velký výbuch

black hole
[Podstatné jméno]

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

černá díra, černý důlek

černá díra, černý důlek

Ex: The boundary surrounding black hole, beyond which nothing can escape , is called the event horizon .
comet
[Podstatné jméno]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

kometa, sníh hvězd

kometa, sníh hvězd

Ex: The appearance of a comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .
cosmic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

kosmický, vesmírný

kosmický, vesmírný

Ex: Cosmic consciousness is a philosophical concept exploring humanity 's connection to the universe .
meteor
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

meteorit, meteora

meteorit, meteora

Ex: A meteorite is meteor that survives its passage through the atmosphere and lands on Earth 's surface .
meteorite
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

meteorit, meteorita

meteorit, meteorita

Ex: The study meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
eclipse
[Podstatné jméno]

a period during which the sun or the moon is shadowed by a dark circle

zatmění, eclipse

zatmění, eclipse

Ex: During eclipse, the sky darkened as the moon blocked out the sun 's light .
alien
[Podstatné jméno]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

mimozemšťan, vesmírné stvoření

mimozemšťan, vesmírné stvoření

Ex: alien landed in the field , its long limbs and glowing eyes striking terror in the onlookers .
satellite
[Podstatné jméno]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

satelit, umělá družice

satelit, umělá družice

to orbit
[sloveso]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

obíhat, kroužit

obíhat, kroužit

Ex: The dwarf planet orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .
rotation
[Podstatné jméno]

the action of circular movement around a fixed point

otáčení, rotace

otáčení, rotace

astronaut
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

astronaut, kosmonaut

astronaut, kosmonaut

Ex: He wrote a memoir detailing his experiences as astronaut, including his spacewalks and scientific research .
spacecraft
[Podstatné jméno]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

kosmická loď, kosmický аппарат

kosmická loď, kosmický аппарат

Ex: After completing its mission , spacecraft re-entered Earth ’s atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .
rocket
[Podstatné jméno]

a jet engine with liquid or solid fuel that is propelled by a burning gas stream

raketa, raketový motor

raketa, raketový motor

mission
[Podstatné jméno]

an operation carried out in space

misie, úkol

misie, úkol

Ex: NASA 's Voyager spacecraft embarked on a mission to explore the outer planets of our solar system .
to launch
[sloveso]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

vypustit, odpalit

vypustit, odpalit

Ex: SpaceX is preparing launch another batch of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit .
countdown
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft

odpočítávání, pokles počtu

odpočítávání, pokles počtu

unidentified flying object
[Podstatné jméno]

a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

neidentifikovaný létající objekt, neznámý létající objekt

neidentifikovaný létající objekt, neznámý létající objekt

voyage
[Podstatné jméno]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

plavba, cesta

plavba, cesta

Ex: The documentary chronicled voyage of a famous explorer and the discoveries made along the way .
NASA
[Podstatné jméno]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

NASA, Národní úřad pro letectví a vesmír

NASA, Národní úřad pro letectví a vesmír

Ex: NASA's Artemis program aims to return astronauts to the Moon and establish a sustainable lunar presence by the 2020s .
light year
[Podstatné jméno]

the distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers

světelný rok, rok světla

světelný rok, rok světla

ray
[Podstatné jméno]

a narrow beam of light, heat, or other form of energy

paprsek, světelný paprsek

paprsek, světelný paprsek

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