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托福必备词汇 - Space

在这里,你将学习一些关于太空的英语单词,如“galaxy”、“solar”、“cosmic”等,这些是托福考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
universe
[名词]

all that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.

宇宙

宇宙

Ex: Philosophers and physicists ponder the ultimate fate and origin of the universe.哲学家和物理学家思考**宇宙**的终极命运和起源。
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cosmos
[名词]

the universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole

宇宙,  cosmos

宇宙, cosmos

Ex: Understanding the cosmos requires interdisciplinary collaboration across astronomy , cosmology , and physics .理解**宇宙**需要天文学、宇宙学和物理学之间的跨学科合作。
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galaxy
[名词]

a large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force

星系

星系

Ex: Observations of distant galaxies help astronomers understand the early universe and the processes that led to the formation of galaxies.对遥远**星系**的观察帮助天文学家了解早期宇宙以及导致星系形成的过程。
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astronomy
[名词]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

天文学, 星空科学

天文学, 星空科学

Ex: The university offers a course in astronomy for students interested in space exploration .大学为对太空探索感兴趣的学生提供**天文学**课程。
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a pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars

银河, 银河系

银河, 银河系

Ex: Ancient cultures observed the Milky Way and incorporated it into their myths and legends.古代文化观察了**银河**并将其融入他们的神话和传说中。
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solar system
[名词]

the sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth

太阳系, 太阳系

太阳系, 太阳系

Ex: Scientists believe the solar system formed over 4.5 billion years ago .科学家认为**太阳系**形成于45亿多年前。
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aerospace
[名词]

the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it

航空航天, 大气层和太空

航空航天, 大气层和太空

Ex: Advances in aerospace technology have led to more efficient and safer air travel around the world .**航空航天**技术的进步使得全球空中旅行更加高效和安全。
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gravity
[名词]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

重力

重力

Ex: The strength of gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .
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astronomer
[名词]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

天文学家

天文学家

Ex: Modern astronomers use computer simulations and mathematical models to predict celestial events and phenomena .现代**天文学家**使用计算机模拟和数学模型来预测天体事件和现象。
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a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

星座, 星群

星座, 星群

Ex: The constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .**星座**仙后座在北部天空中形成一个明显的"W"形状。
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solar
[形容词]

related to the sun

太阳的, 日心的

太阳的, 日心的

Ex: Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.**太阳能**电池板将阳光转化为电能。
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lunar
[形容词]

relating to the moon

月亮的, 阴历的

月亮的, 阴历的

Ex: Lunar craters are formed by meteorite impacts on the moon's surface.**月球**陨石坑是由陨石撞击月球表面形成的。
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big bang
[名词]

the explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe

大爆炸, 大爆炸理论

大爆炸, 大爆炸理论

Ex: Scientists continue to explore the implications of the Big Bang theory through astronomical observations and theoretical physics.科学家们继续通过天文观测和理论物理学探索**大爆炸**理论的含义。
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black hole
[名词]

a place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light

黑洞, 黑孔

黑洞, 黑孔

Ex: The boundary surrounding a black hole, beyond which nothing can escape , is called the event horizon .围绕**黑洞**的边界,超出该边界任何东西都无法逃脱,称为事件视界。
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comet
[名词]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

彗星

彗星

Ex: The appearance of a bright comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .夜空中出现一颗明亮的**彗星**,往往会吸引业余天文学家和观星者的注意。
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cosmic
[形容词]

related to the universe and the vast space outside the earth

宇宙的, 普遍的

宇宙的, 普遍的

Ex: Cosmic consciousness is a philosophical concept exploring humanity 's connection to the universe .**宇宙**意识是一个探索人类与宇宙联系的哲学概念。
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meteor
[名词]

a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

流星,  陨石

流星, 陨石

Ex: The Perseid meteor shower is one of the most famous annual meteor showers, visible in August.英仙座流星雨是最著名的年度流星雨之一,在八月可见。
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meteorite
[名词]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

陨石, 流星体

陨石, 流星体

Ex: The study of meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .对**陨石**的研究有助于研究人员了解小行星和彗星的潜在危险。
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eclipse
[名词]

a period during which the sun or the moon is shadowed by a dark circle

日食, 月食

日食, 月食

Ex: During the eclipse, the sky darkened as the moon blocked out the sun 's light .在**日食**期间,当月亮挡住太阳的光线时,天空变暗了。
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alien
[名词]

a creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets

外星人, 异形

外星人, 异形

Ex: The alien landed in the field , its long limbs and glowing eyes striking terror in the onlookers .**外星人**降落在田野里,它长长的四肢和发光的眼睛让旁观者感到恐惧。
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satellite
[名词]

an object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information

卫星, 航天器

卫星, 航天器

Ex: He studied images sent by a satellite in space .他研究了由太空中的**卫星**发送的图像。
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to orbit
[动词]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

绕轨道运行, 环绕

绕轨道运行, 环绕

Ex: The dwarf planet Pluto orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .矮行星冥王星在一个被称为柯伊伯带的空间区域**绕**太阳**运行**。
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rotation
[名词]

the action of circular movement around a fixed point

旋转

旋转

Ex: The rotation of tires on a vehicle ensures even wear and extends their lifespan .车辆轮胎的**旋转**确保均匀磨损并延长其使用寿命。
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astronaut
[名词]

someone who is trained to travel and work in space

宇航员, 航天员

宇航员, 航天员

Ex: He wrote a memoir detailing his experiences as an astronaut, including his spacewalks and scientific research .他写了一本回忆录,详细描述了他作为**宇航员**的经历,包括他的太空行走和科学研究。
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spacecraft
[名词]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

航天器, 宇宙飞船

航天器, 宇宙飞船

Ex: After completing its mission , the spacecraft re-entered Earth 's atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .完成任务后,**航天器**重新进入地球大气层,并安全返回,带回了从太空收集的样本。
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rocket
[名词]

a jet engine with liquid or solid fuel that is propelled by a burning gas stream

火箭, 导弹

火箭, 导弹

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mission
[名词]

an operation carried out in space

任务

任务

Ex: NASA 's Voyager spacecraft embarked on a historic mission to explore the outer planets of our solar system .NASA的旅行者号航天器开始了一项历史性的**任务**,探索我们太阳系的外行星。
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to launch
[动词]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

发射, 启动

发射, 启动

Ex: SpaceX is preparing to launch another batch of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit .SpaceX正准备将另一批Starlink卫星**发射**到近地轨道。
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countdown
[名词]

the act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft

倒计时, 倒数

倒计时, 倒数

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a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

不明飞行物

不明飞行物

Ex: The pilots reported encountering an unidentified flying object that moved at high speeds and changed direction abruptly .飞行员报告称遇到了一个以高速移动并突然改变方向的**不明飞行物**。
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voyage
[名词]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

航行, 旅程

航行, 旅程

Ex: The documentary chronicled the voyage of a famous explorer and the discoveries made along the way .这部纪录片记录了一位著名探险家的**航行**以及沿途的发现。
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NASA
[名词]

a US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)负责美国的民用太空计划。

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)负责美国的民用太空计划。

Ex: NASA's Artemis program aims to return astronauts to the Moon and establish a sustainable lunar presence by the 2020s .**NASA**的阿尔忒弥斯计划旨在2020年代将宇航员送回月球并建立可持续的月球存在。
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light year
[名词]

the distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers

光年, 光年

光年, 光年

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ray
[名词]

a narrow beam of light, heat, or other form of energy

光线, 光束

光线, 光束

Ex: Heat rays from the fire warmed their hands as they gathered around the campfire.当他们围坐在篝火旁时,火焰的**光线**温暖了他们的手。
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