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SAT Math and Logic - Arithmetic and Statistics

Here you will learn some English words related to arithmetic and statistics, such as "divisible", "range", "median", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

Ex: When mixed numbers, we can convert them to improper fractions and then compare the resulting fractions .
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a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

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a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

Ex: 7/8 is rational number because it can be expressed as the fraction of two integers .
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a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

Ex: The square root of 3 is irrational number because it can not be written as a fraction .
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a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

Ex: Graphicallycomplex numbers can be represented on the complex plane with the x-axis as the real part and the y-axis as the imaginary part .
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any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

Ex: Every point on the number line corresponds to real number.
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any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

Ex: The sum of any two whole numbers is always whole number.
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integer
[noun]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

Ex: Multiplying two integers together will always yield integer.
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fraction
[noun]

a part of a whole number, such as ½

Ex: fractions is important in elementary math .
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decimal
[noun]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

Ex: Understanding decimal places is essential when dealing with percentages and financial figures in business contexts.
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a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

Ex: improper fraction can be expressed as a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction .
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mean
[noun]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

Ex: mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement .
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divisible
[Adjective]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

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root
[noun]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

Ex: Finding the cube root of 27 involves determining the number that, when multiplied by itself three times, equals 27.
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range
[noun]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

Ex: range of the dataset { 5 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 22 } is 17 .
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square
[noun]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

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average
[Adjective]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

Ex: average number of hours worked per week was 40 .
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solution
[noun]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

Ex: The mathematician 's groundbreaking research led to the discovery of solution to a long-standing mathematical problem .
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product
[noun]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

Ex: Understanding how to calculate product of numbers is a fundamental math skill .
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quotient
[noun]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

Ex: quotient of 50 and 10 is 5 , reflecting the result of their division .
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factor
[noun]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

Ex: factor pairs of a number involves listing pairs of integers whose product equals that number .
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value
[noun]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

Ex: The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on a number line, represented by |x| for a given number x.
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a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

Ex: In calculusinequalities are used to express conditions for the convergence or divergence of series and sequences .
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equation
[noun]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

Ex: Economists analyze supply and equations to forecast market trends and price changes .
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minimum
[noun]

the lowest amount, degree, or extent there is or is possible, allowed or required

Ex: The hotel charges a minimum stay of two nights during the holiday season.
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a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

Ex: When modeling the spread of a virus , researchers often exponentials.
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linear
[Adjective]

related to equations that create straight lines when graphed, indicating a constant rate of change

Ex: Linear functions are a fundamental concept in high school mathematics, crucial for understanding more complex topics.
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the constant ratio between consecutive terms

Ex: When studying exponential functions in algebra , students learn to identify common ratio in geometric sequences .
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a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

Ex: The concept common multiples is essential for adding and subtracting fractions .
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a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

Ex: common factors is crucial in reducing fractions to their simplest form .
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(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

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the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

Ex: least common denominator of the fractions 2/3 and 5/9 is 9 , allowing us to add them easily .
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(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

Ex: probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one out of six .
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to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

Ex: We need estimate the total expenses for the event before planning the budget .
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a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

Ex: Arithmetic sequences are fundamental in mathematics and have applications in various fields .
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frequency
[noun]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

Ex: frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52 .
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(statistics) the way statistical data are arranged that shows the frequency in which the values of a variable are repeated

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median
[noun]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

Ex: For the series { 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40 , 45 } , median is 32.5 , calculated as the average of 30 and 35 .
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mode
[noun]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

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bimodal
[Adjective]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

Ex: bimodal curve on the graph suggests the presence of two dominant traits in the population .
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a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

Ex: standard deviation of zero means all the values are identical .
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the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

Ex: Understanding margin of error helps in interpreting the precision of statistical findings .
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random
[Adjective]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

Ex: To ensure unbiased results , the participants in the study were assigned to treatment groups using random assignment method .
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a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

Ex: trend line in the time series data pointed to a seasonal pattern in sales .
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dot plot
[noun]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

Ex: We used dot plot to compare the daily temperatures recorded over a week , allowing us to see variations at a glance .
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a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

Ex: A linear model was used to estimate the impact of advertising expenditure on sales revenue .
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