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Științe ACT - Știința Medicală

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de știința medicală, cum ar fi "invaziv", "probiotic", "sistolic" etc., care te vor ajuta să treci de ACT-urile tale.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
embryo
embryo
[substantiv]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrion, făt

embrion, făt

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
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developmental
developmental
[adjectiv]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

de dezvoltare, legat de dezvoltare

de dezvoltare, legat de dezvoltare

Ex: The developmental stage of the project focuses on research and planning. 
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lymphoid
lymphoid
[adjectiv]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

limfoid, limfatic

limfoid, limfatic

Ex: The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, play a crucial role in the immune system. 
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immune response
immune response
[substantiv]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

răspuns imun, reacție imună

răspuns imun, reacție imună

Ex: The vaccine works by stimulating the immune response to build resistance against the virus. 
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placebo
placebo
[substantiv]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo, medicament placebo

placebo, medicament placebo

Ex: In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo. 
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pathogen
pathogen
[substantiv]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, agent patogen

patogen, agent patogen

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
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rapid eye movement
rapid eye movement
[substantiv]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

mișcare rapidă a ochilor, somn paradoxal

mișcare rapidă a ochilor, somn paradoxal

Ex: During REM sleep, brain activity resembles that of wakefulness, despite muscle immobility. 
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fibrosis
fibrosis
[substantiv]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibroză, scleroză

fibroză, scleroză

Ex: Chronic hepatitis can lead to fibrosis of the liver over time. 
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homeostasis
homeostasis
[substantiv]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostazie, echilibru intern

homeostazie, echilibru intern

Ex: Sweating to cool down the body temperature is an example of homeostasis in response to external heat. 
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to implant

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implanta, insera

implanta, insera

Ex: The surgeon successfully implanted a pacemaker to regulate the patient's heartbeat. 
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autopsy
autopsy
[substantiv]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsie, examinare post mortem

autopsie, examinare post mortem

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
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pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[adjectiv]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

farmaceutic, medicinal

farmaceutic, medicinal

Ex: The pharmaceutical company developed a new medicine for treating allergies. 
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lesion
lesion
[substantiv]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

leziune, rană

leziune, rană

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 
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systolic
systolic
[adjectiv]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

sistolic

sistolic

Ex: The doctor noted a high systolic blood pressure reading during the patient's check-up. 
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phagotherapy
phagotherapy
[substantiv]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapie, tratament cu bacteriofagi

fagoterapie, tratament cu bacteriofagi

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therapeutic
therapeutic
[adjectiv]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapeutic

terapeutic

Ex: Therapeutic treatments focus on healing and recovery. 
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side effect
side effect
[substantiv]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

efect secundar

efect secundar

Ex: While the new medication effectively managed her symptoms, she was concerned about the potential side effects, including nausea and fatigue. 
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to diagnose

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnostica, stabili cauza

diagnostica, stabili cauza

Ex: Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions accurately. 
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antiseptic
antiseptic
[substantiv]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiseptic, dezinfectant

antiseptic, dezinfectant

Ex: She cleaned the cut with antiseptic before applying a bandage to prevent infection. 
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digestive system
digestive system
[substantiv]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

sistem digestiv, aparat digestiv

sistem digestiv, aparat digestiv

Ex: Within the digestive system, enzymes and acids collaborate to break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. 
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probiotic
probiotic
[adjectiv]

containing beneficial bacteria or microorganisms, often used to promote digestive health or balance within the body

probiotic, conținând bacterii benefice

probiotic, conținând bacterii benefice

Ex: Sarah regularly consumes probiotic yogurt to support her digestive system. 
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to sanitize

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

dezinfecta, sanitiza

dezinfecta, sanitiza

Ex: After preparing raw meat, it's important to sanitize the cutting board to prevent cross-contamination. 
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respiratory
respiratory
[adjectiv]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

respirator

respirator

Ex: Respiratory infections, like the common cold or pneumonia, affect the airways and lungs. 
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body mass index
body mass index
[substantiv]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

indicele de masă corporală, IMC

indicele de masă corporală, IMC

Ex: The doctor calculated the patient's body mass index to evaluate their overall health. 
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prenatal
prenatal
[adjectiv]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatal, antenatal

prenatal, antenatal

Ex: Prenatal vitamins are recommended for expectant mothers to support fetal development 
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gestational
gestational
[adjectiv]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestațional, referitor la sarcină

gestațional, referitor la sarcină

Ex: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. 
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sputum
sputum
[substantiv]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

spută, mucus

spută, mucus

Ex: The doctor asked the patient to provide a sample of sputum for laboratory analysis. 
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phlegm
phlegm
[substantiv]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flegmă, mucus

flegmă, mucus

Ex: The common cold often causes an increase in phlegm production, leading to congestion and coughing. 
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pharmacologist
pharmacologist
[substantiv]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmacolog, specialist în farmacologie

farmacolog, specialist în farmacologie

Ex: The pharmacologist conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug candidate. 
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radiologist
radiologist
[substantiv]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiolog, specialist în radiologie

radiolog, specialist în radiologie

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pathologist
pathologist
[substantiv]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patolog

patolog

Ex: The pathologist plays a key role in understanding the causes and nature of diseases. 
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pediatrician
pediatrician
[substantiv]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatru, medic pentru copii

pediatru, medic pentru copii

Ex: She took her baby to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and vaccinations. 
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positron emission tomography

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

tomografie cu emisie de pozitroni, PET

tomografie cu emisie de pozitroni, PET

Ex: The PET scan revealed a hot spot indicating increased metabolic activity in the brain. 
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invasive
invasive
[adjectiv]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invaziv, pătrunzător

invaziv, pătrunzător

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inoculation
inoculation
[substantiv]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inoculare, vaccinare

inoculare, vaccinare

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immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[substantiv]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

imunodeficiență

imunodeficiență

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
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respiration
respiration
[substantiv]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respirație

respirație

Ex: Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the lungs. 
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tonic
tonic
[substantiv]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tonic, reconstituent

tonic, reconstituent

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to administer

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

administra, da

administra, da

Ex: The nurse carefully administered the medication to the patient, ensuring the correct dosage was given. 
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veterinarian
veterinarian
[substantiv]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinar, medic veterinar

veterinar, medic veterinar

Ex: She's been working as a veterinarian at a local animal clinic for over twenty years. 
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restorative
restorative
[adjectiv]

able to promote or restore one's health or strength

restaurator, regenerator

restaurator, regenerator

Ex: Physical therapy exercises served restorative purposes in regaining knee strength following injury. 
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menopause
menopause
[substantiv]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopauză

menopauză

Ex: Many women experience hot flashes and mood swings during menopause. 
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infective
infective
[adjectiv]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infecțios, contagios

infecțios, contagios

Ex: The infective bacteria spread quickly through the contaminated water supply. 
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preventative
preventative
[adjectiv]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventiv, profilactic

preventiv, profilactic

Ex: The doctor recommended a preventative vaccine to avoid the flu this season. 
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psychiatric
psychiatric
[adjectiv]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psihiatric, legat de psihiatrie

psihiatric, legat de psihiatrie

Ex: She sought psychiatric help to manage her anxiety disorder. 
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psychologist
psychologist
[substantiv]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psiholog, specialist în psihologie

psiholog, specialist în psihologie

Ex: The psychologist counseled patients struggling with anxiety and depression. 
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ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
[substantiv]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

acid ascorbic, vitamina C

acid ascorbic, vitamina C

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
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dysfunction
dysfunction
[substantiv]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

disfuncție, funcționare defectuoasă

disfuncție, funcționare defectuoasă

Ex: Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. 
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