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Věda ACT - Lékařská věda

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lékařskou vědou, jako je „invazivní“, „probiotický“, „systolický“ atd., která vám pomohou překonat vaše ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
embryo
[Podstatné jméno]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embryo, plod

embryo, plod

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .
developmental
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

vývojový, rozvojový

vývojový, rozvojový

Ex: Developmental opportunities within the company support employees ' career growth and skill enhancement .
lymphoid
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

lymfоидní, lymfovaskulární

lymfоидní, lymfovaskulární

Ex: Lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma, require specialized treatment and care.
immune response
[Podstatné jméno]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

imunitní reakce, imunitní odpověď

imunitní reakce, imunitní odpověď

Ex: immune response can sometimes mistakenly target the body 's own tissues , leading to autoimmune diseases .
placebo
[Podstatné jméno]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo, neúčinný lék

placebo, neúčinný lék

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.
pathogen
[Podstatné jméno]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, mikrob

patogen, mikrob

Ex: pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .
rapid eye movement
[Podstatné jméno]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

REM spánek, fáze rychlého pohybu očí

REM spánek, fáze rychlého pohybu očí

Ex: Sleep disorders such as REM behavior disorder can disrupt normal REM sleep cycles.
fibrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibróza, fibrosis

fibróza, fibrosis

Ex: The patient ’s kidney biopsy showed signs fibrosis, indicating a long-standing condition .
homeostasis
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostáze, homeostáza

homeostáze, homeostáza

Ex: The release of hormones like adrenaline during stress is part of the body 's response to homeostasis in challenging situations .
to implant
[sloveso]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

vložil, implantoval

vložil, implantoval

Ex: To treat severe arthritis , the orthopedic surgeon implanting an artificial joint in the patient 's knee .
autopsy
[Podstatné jméno]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

pohřební pitevní, pitva

pohřební pitevní, pitva

Ex: The medical examiner 's autopsy contributed to our understanding of the tragedy .
pharmaceutical
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

farmaceutický, lékový

farmaceutický, lékový

Ex: Doctors often pharmaceutical interventions to manage various medical conditions .
lesion
[Podstatné jméno]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

léze, poranění

léze, poranění

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a lesion sustained during training .
systolic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

systolický, systolický tlak

systolický, systolický tlak

Ex: systolic phase of the cardiac cycle is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body .
phagotherapy
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapie, fágová terapie

fagoterapie, fágová terapie

therapeutic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapeutický, léčebný

terapeutický, léčebný

Ex: Therapeutic medications are prescribed to manage symptoms .
side effect
[Podstatné jméno]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

vedlejší účinek, nežádoucí účinek

vedlejší účinek, nežádoucí účinek

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the side effects that interfered with her daily activities .
to diagnose
[sloveso]

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnozovat, stanovit diagnózu

diagnozovat, stanovit diagnózu

Ex: Experts diagnose conditions based on observable symptoms .
antiseptic
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiseptikum, dezinfekční prostředek

antiseptikum, dezinfekční prostředek

Ex: The doctor recommended using an antiseptic mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.
digestive system
[Podstatné jméno]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

trávicí soustava, trávicí systém

trávicí soustava, trávicí systém

Ex: Disorders of digestive system, like gastritis or Crohn 's disease , can significantly impact overall health and well-being .
probiotic
[Přídavné jméno]

containing beneficial bacteria or microorganisms, often used to promote digestive health or balance within the body

probiotický, probiotické

probiotický, probiotické

Ex: Tim 's pharmacist recommended probiotic medication to help with his antibiotic-associated diarrhea .
to sanitize
[sloveso]

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

dezinfikovat, sanitizovat

dezinfikovat, sanitizovat

Ex: The grocery store employee sanitizing shopping carts for the next customers .
respiratory
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

dýchací, respirační

dýchací, respirační

Ex: Respiratory distress , characterized by difficulty breathing , requires immediate medical attention .
body mass index
[Podstatné jméno]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

index tělesné hmotnosti, BMI (body mass index)

index tělesné hmotnosti, BMI (body mass index)

Ex: Regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to achieving and maintaining a body mass index.
prenatal
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

předporodní, prenatální

předporodní, prenatální

Ex: Prenatal yoga classes provide gentle exercises suitable for pregnant women
gestational
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestační, těhotenský

gestační, těhotenský

Ex: The clinic specializes gestational care , providing support throughout pregnancy .
sputum
[Podstatné jméno]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

sputum, hlenu

sputum, hlenu

Ex: Effective treatment of pneumonia often involves clearing the lungs sputum to improve breathing .
phlegm
[Podstatné jméno]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

hlen, sputum

hlen, sputum

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .
pharmacologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmakolog, lékárenský vědec

farmakolog, lékárenský vědec

Ex: Pharmacologists contribute to advancements in medicine by identifying potential drug targets and developing new therapeutic interventions .
radiologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiolog, lékař specializující se na radiologii

radiolog, lékař specializující se na radiologii

pathologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patolog, patolog odborný

patolog, patolog odborný

Ex: Pathologists contribute essential information that guides treatment plans for various health conditions .
pediatrician
[Podstatné jméno]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

dětský lékař, pediatr

dětský lékař, pediatr

Ex: The new parents were relieved to find pediatrician who was both knowledgeable and compassionate .
positron emission tomography
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

pozitronová emisní tomografie, PET sken

pozitronová emisní tomografie, PET sken

Ex: PET scans are often combined with CT or MRI scans for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.
invasive
[Přídavné jméno]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invazivní, vstupní

invazivní, vstupní

inoculation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

vakcinace, inokulace

vakcinace, inokulace

immunodeficiency
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

imunitní nedostatečnost, imunitní deficience

imunitní nedostatečnost, imunitní deficience

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .
respiration
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

dýchání, respirace

dýchání, respirace

Ex: Infants exhibit respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .
tonic
[Podstatné jméno]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tonikum, posilující lék

tonikum, posilující lék

to administer
[sloveso]

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

podávat, administrovat

podávat, administrovat

Ex: The veterinarian administered the vaccine to the dog during its annual check-up .
veterinarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinář, veterinární lékař

veterinář, veterinární lékař

Ex: He pursued advanced training in exotic animal medicine to become a veterinarian.
restorative
[Přídavné jméno]

able to promote or restore one's health or strength

regenerativní, léčivý

regenerativní, léčivý

Ex: The doctor recommended restorative diet to improve her overall health .
menopause
[Podstatné jméno]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopauza, přechod

menopauza, přechod

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage weight gain menopause.
infective
[Přídavné jméno]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infekční, nakažlivý

infekční, nakažlivý

Ex: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream .
preventative
[Přídavné jméno]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventivní, ochranný

preventivní, ochranný

Ex: The clinic offers preventative screenings to detect potential health issues early on .
psychiatric
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psychiatrický, psychický

psychiatrický, psychický

Ex: He specializes psychiatric research focusing on schizophrenia .
psychologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psycholog, psycholožka

psycholog, psycholožka

Ex: psychologist emphasized the importance of self-care and mindfulness practices during therapy sessions .
ascorbic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

askorbová kyselina, vitamin C

askorbová kyselina, vitamin C

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake ascorbic acid for overall well-being .
dysfunction
[Podstatné jméno]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

dysfunkce, porucha

dysfunkce, porucha

Ex: Environmental factors can contribute dysfunction in ecosystems , disrupting natural balance and biodiversity .
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