pattern

Věda ACT - Lékařská Věda

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lékařskou vědou, jako jsou "invazivní", "probiotický", "systolický" atd., která vám pomohou uspět u vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
embryo
embryo
[Podstatné jméno]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embryo, zárodek

embryo, zárodek

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
developmental
developmental
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

vývojový, související s vývojem

vývojový, související s vývojem

Ex: The developmental stage of the project focuses on research and planning. 
lymphoid
lymphoid
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

lymfoidní, lymfatický

lymfoidní, lymfatický

Ex: The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, play a crucial role in the immune system. 
immune response
immune response
[Podstatné jméno]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

imunitní odpověď, imunitní reakce

imunitní odpověď, imunitní reakce

Ex: The vaccine works by stimulating the immune response to build resistance against the virus. 
placebo
placebo
[Podstatné jméno]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo, placebo lék

placebo, placebo lék

Ex: In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo. 
pathogen
pathogen
[Podstatné jméno]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, původce nemoci

patogen, původce nemoci

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
rapid eye movement
rapid eye movement
[Podstatné jméno]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

rychlé pohyby očí, paradoxní spánek

rychlé pohyby očí, paradoxní spánek

Ex: During REM sleep, brain activity resembles that of wakefulness, despite muscle immobility. 
fibrosis
fibrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

fibróza, skleróza

fibróza, skleróza

Ex: Chronic hepatitis can lead to fibrosis of the liver over time. 
homeostasis
homeostasis
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostáza, vnitřní rovnováha

homeostáza, vnitřní rovnováha

Ex: Sweating to cool down the body temperature is an example of homeostasis in response to external heat. 
to implant
to implant
[sloveso]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implantovat, vložit

implantovat, vložit

Ex: The surgeon successfully implanted a pacemaker to regulate the patient's heartbeat. 
autopsy
autopsy
[Podstatné jméno]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

pitva, posmrtné vyšetření

pitva, posmrtné vyšetření

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

farmaceutický, léčivý

farmaceutický, léčivý

Ex: The pharmaceutical company developed a new medicine for treating allergies. 
lesion
lesion
[Podstatné jméno]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

léze, poranění

léze, poranění

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 
systolic
systolic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

systolický

systolický

Ex: The doctor noted a high systolic blood pressure reading during the patient's check-up. 
phagotherapy
phagotherapy
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fágoterapie, léčba bakteriofágy

fágoterapie, léčba bakteriofágy

therapeutic
therapeutic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapeutický

terapeutický

Ex: Therapeutic treatments focus on healing and recovery. 
side effect
side effect
[Podstatné jméno]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

vedlejší účinek

vedlejší účinek

Ex: While the new medication effectively managed her symptoms, she was concerned about the potential side effects, including nausea and fatigue. 
to diagnose
to diagnose
[sloveso]

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnostikovat, určit příčinu

diagnostikovat, určit příčinu

Ex: Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions accurately. 
antiseptic
antiseptic
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

antiseptikum, dezinfekční prostředek

antiseptikum, dezinfekční prostředek

Ex: She cleaned the cut with antiseptic before applying a bandage to prevent infection. 
digestive system
digestive system
[Podstatné jméno]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

trávicí soustava, zažívací systém

trávicí soustava, zažívací systém

Ex: Within the digestive system, enzymes and acids collaborate to break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. 
probiotic
probiotic
[Přídavné jméno]

containing beneficial bacteria or microorganisms, often used to promote digestive health or balance within the body

probiotický, obsahující prospěšné bakterie

probiotický, obsahující prospěšné bakterie

Ex: Sarah regularly consumes probiotic yogurt to support her digestive system. 
to sanitize
to sanitize
[sloveso]

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

dezinfikovat, vyčistit

dezinfikovat, vyčistit

Ex: After preparing raw meat, it's important to sanitize the cutting board to prevent cross-contamination. 
respiratory
respiratory
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

dýchací

dýchací

Ex: Respiratory infections, like the common cold or pneumonia, affect the airways and lungs. 
body mass index
body mass index
[Podstatné jméno]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

index tělesné hmotnosti, BMI

index tělesné hmotnosti, BMI

Ex: The doctor calculated the patient's body mass index to evaluate their overall health. 
prenatal
prenatal
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatální, předporodní

prenatální, předporodní

Ex: Prenatal vitamins are recommended for expectant mothers to support fetal development 
gestational
gestational
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

gestační, týkající se těhotenství

gestační, týkající se těhotenství

Ex: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. 
sputum
sputum
[Podstatné jméno]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

sputum, hlen

sputum, hlen

Ex: The doctor asked the patient to provide a sample of sputum for laboratory analysis. 
phlegm
phlegm
[Podstatné jméno]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

hlen, sliz

hlen, sliz

Ex: The common cold often causes an increase in phlegm production, leading to congestion and coughing. 
pharmacologist
pharmacologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmakolog, specialista na farmakologii

farmakolog, specialista na farmakologii

Ex: The pharmacologist conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug candidate. 
radiologist
radiologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiolog, specialista na radiologii

radiolog, specialista na radiologii

pathologist
pathologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patolog

patolog

Ex: The pathologist plays a key role in understanding the causes and nature of diseases. 
pediatrician
pediatrician
[Podstatné jméno]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatr, dětský lékař

pediatr, dětský lékař

Ex: She took her baby to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and vaccinations. 
positron emission tomography
positron emission tomography
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

pozitronová emisní tomografie, PET

pozitronová emisní tomografie, PET

Ex: The PET scan revealed a hot spot indicating increased metabolic activity in the brain. 
invasive
invasive
[Přídavné jméno]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

invazivní, pronikavý

invazivní, pronikavý

inoculation
inoculation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inokulace, očkování

inokulace, očkování

immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

imunodeficience

imunodeficience

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
respiration
respiration
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

dýchání

dýchání

Ex: Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the lungs. 
tonic
tonic
[Podstatné jméno]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tonikum, posilující prostředek

tonikum, posilující prostředek

to administer
to administer
[sloveso]

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

podat, podejit

podat, podejit

Ex: The nurse carefully administered the medication to the patient, ensuring the correct dosage was given. 
veterinarian
veterinarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

veterinář, zvěrolékař

veterinář, zvěrolékař

Ex: She's been working as a veterinarian at a local animal clinic for over twenty years. 
restorative
restorative
[Přídavné jméno]

able to promote or restore one's health or strength

obnovující, regenerační

obnovující, regenerační

Ex: Physical therapy exercises served restorative purposes in regaining knee strength following injury. 
menopause
menopause
[Podstatné jméno]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopauza

menopauza

Ex: Many women experience hot flashes and mood swings during menopause. 
infective
infective
[Přídavné jméno]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

infekční, nakažlivý

infekční, nakažlivý

Ex: The infective bacteria spread quickly through the contaminated water supply. 
preventative
preventative
[Přídavné jméno]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

preventivní, profylaktický

preventivní, profylaktický

Ex: The doctor recommended a preventative vaccine to avoid the flu this season. 
psychiatric
psychiatric
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psychiatrický, vztahující se k psychiatrii

psychiatrický, vztahující se k psychiatrii

Ex: She sought psychiatric help to manage her anxiety disorder. 
psychologist
psychologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psycholog, odborník na psychologii

psycholog, odborník na psychologii

Ex: The psychologist counseled patients struggling with anxiety and depression. 
ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

kyselina askorbová, vitamin C

kyselina askorbová, vitamin C

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
dysfunction
dysfunction
[Podstatné jméno]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

dysfunkce, porucha funkce

dysfunkce, porucha funkce

Ex: Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. 
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