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Nauki Ścisłe ACT - Nauka Medyczna

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z naukami medycznymi, takich jak "inwazyjny", "probiotyk", "skurczowy" itp., które pomogą Ci zdać ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
embryo
embryo
[Rzeczownik]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

zarodek, embrion

zarodek, embrion

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
developmental
developmental
[przymiotnik]

related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time

rozwojowy, związany z rozwojem

rozwojowy, związany z rozwojem

Ex: The developmental stage of the project focuses on research and planning. 
lymphoid
lymphoid
[przymiotnik]

related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced

limfoidalny, limfatyczny

limfoidalny, limfatyczny

Ex: The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, play a crucial role in the immune system. 
immune response
immune response
[Rzeczownik]

the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies

odpowiedź immunologiczna, reakcja immunologiczna

odpowiedź immunologiczna, reakcja immunologiczna

Ex: The vaccine works by stimulating the immune response to build resistance against the virus. 
placebo
placebo
[Rzeczownik]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

placebo, lek placebo

placebo, lek placebo

Ex: In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo. 
pathogen
pathogen
[Rzeczownik]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, czynnik chorobotwórczy

patogen, czynnik chorobotwórczy

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
rapid eye movement
rapid eye movement
[Rzeczownik]

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation

szybki ruch gałek ocznych, sen paradoksalny

szybki ruch gałek ocznych, sen paradoksalny

Ex: During REM sleep, brain activity resembles that of wakefulness, despite muscle immobility. 
fibrosis
fibrosis
[Rzeczownik]

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation

włóknienie, stwardnienie

włóknienie, stwardnienie

Ex: Chronic hepatitis can lead to fibrosis of the liver over time. 
homeostasis
homeostasis
[Rzeczownik]

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

homeostaza, równowaga wewnętrzna

homeostaza, równowaga wewnętrzna

Ex: Sweating to cool down the body temperature is an example of homeostasis in response to external heat. 
to implant
to implant
[Czasownik]

to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure

implantować, wszywać

implantować, wszywać

Ex: The surgeon successfully implanted a pacemaker to regulate the patient's heartbeat. 
autopsy
autopsy
[Rzeczownik]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsja, badanie pośmiertne

autopsja, badanie pośmiertne

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[przymiotnik]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

farmaceutyczny, leczniczy

farmaceutyczny, leczniczy

Ex: The pharmaceutical company developed a new medicine for treating allergies. 
lesion
lesion
[Rzeczownik]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

zmiana, uraz

zmiana, uraz

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 
systolic
systolic
[przymiotnik]

relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries

skurczowy

skurczowy

Ex: The doctor noted a high systolic blood pressure reading during the patient's check-up. 
phagotherapy
phagotherapy
[Rzeczownik]

a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections

fagoterapia, leczenie bakteriofagami

fagoterapia, leczenie bakteriofagami

therapeutic
therapeutic
[przymiotnik]

(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues

terapeutyczny

terapeutyczny

Ex: Therapeutic treatments focus on healing and recovery. 
side effect
side effect
[Rzeczownik]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

efekt uboczny

efekt uboczny

Ex: While the new medication effectively managed her symptoms, she was concerned about the potential side effects, including nausea and fatigue. 
to diagnose
to diagnose
[Czasownik]

to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms

diagnozować, ustalić przyczynę

diagnozować, ustalić przyczynę

Ex: Doctors use various tests to diagnose medical conditions accurately. 
antiseptic
antiseptic
[Rzeczownik]

a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria

środek antyseptyczny, środek dezynfekujący

środek antyseptyczny, środek dezynfekujący

Ex: She cleaned the cut with antiseptic before applying a bandage to prevent infection. 
digestive system
digestive system
[Rzeczownik]

the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste

układ trawienny, system trawienny

układ trawienny, system trawienny

Ex: Within the digestive system, enzymes and acids collaborate to break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. 
probiotic
probiotic
[przymiotnik]

containing beneficial bacteria or microorganisms, often used to promote digestive health or balance within the body

probiotyczny, zawierający korzystne bakterie

probiotyczny, zawierający korzystne bakterie

Ex: Sarah regularly consumes probiotic yogurt to support her digestive system. 
to sanitize
to sanitize
[Czasownik]

to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms

dezynfekować, sanitować

dezynfekować, sanitować

Ex: After preparing raw meat, it's important to sanitize the cutting board to prevent cross-contamination. 
respiratory
respiratory
[przymiotnik]

related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways

oddechowy

oddechowy

Ex: Respiratory infections, like the common cold or pneumonia, affect the airways and lungs. 
body mass index
body mass index
[Rzeczownik]

a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health

wskaźnik masy ciała, BMI

wskaźnik masy ciała, BMI

Ex: The doctor calculated the patient's body mass index to evaluate their overall health. 
prenatal
prenatal
[przymiotnik]

related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy

prenatalny, przedurodzeniowy

prenatalny, przedurodzeniowy

Ex: Prenatal vitamins are recommended for expectant mothers to support fetal development 
gestational
gestational
[przymiotnik]

relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb

ciążowy, związany z ciążą

ciążowy, związany z ciążą

Ex: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. 
sputum
sputum
[Rzeczownik]

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease

plwocina, śluz

plwocina, śluz

Ex: The doctor asked the patient to provide a sample of sputum for laboratory analysis. 
phlegm
phlegm
[Rzeczownik]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flegma, śluz

flegma, śluz

Ex: The common cold often causes an increase in phlegm production, leading to congestion and coughing. 
pharmacologist
pharmacologist
[Rzeczownik]

a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes

farmakolog, specjalista w dziedzinie farmakologii

farmakolog, specjalista w dziedzinie farmakologii

Ex: The pharmacologist conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug candidate. 
radiologist
radiologist
[Rzeczownik]

a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays

radiolog, specjalista radiologii

radiolog, specjalista radiologii

pathologist
pathologist
[Rzeczownik]

a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids

patolog

patolog

Ex: The pathologist plays a key role in understanding the causes and nature of diseases. 
pediatrician
pediatrician
[Rzeczownik]

a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children

pediatra, lekarz dziecięcy

pediatra, lekarz dziecięcy

Ex: She took her baby to the pediatrician for routine check-ups and vaccinations. 
positron emission tomography

a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders

pozytonowa tomografia emisyjna, PET

pozytonowa tomografia emisyjna, PET

Ex: The PET scan revealed a hot spot indicating increased metabolic activity in the brain. 
invasive
invasive
[przymiotnik]

(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities

inwazyjny, przenikający

inwazyjny, przenikający

inoculation
inoculation
[Rzeczownik]

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

inokulacja, szczepienie

inokulacja, szczepienie

immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[Rzeczownik]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

niedobór odporności

niedobór odporności

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
respiration
respiration
[Rzeczownik]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

oddychanie

oddychanie

Ex: Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the lungs. 
tonic
tonic
[Rzeczownik]

a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion

tonik, środek wzmacniający

tonik, środek wzmacniający

to administer
to administer
[Czasownik]

to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.

podawać, administrować

podawać, administrować

Ex: The nurse carefully administered the medication to the patient, ensuring the correct dosage was given. 
veterinarian
veterinarian
[Rzeczownik]

a doctor who is trained to treat animals

weterynarz, lekarz weterynarii

weterynarz, lekarz weterynarii

Ex: She's been working as a veterinarian at a local animal clinic for over twenty years. 
restorative
restorative
[przymiotnik]

able to promote or restore one's health or strength

regenerujący, odnawiający

regenerujący, odnawiający

Ex: Physical therapy exercises served restorative purposes in regaining knee strength following injury. 
menopause
menopause
[Rzeczownik]

the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50

menopauza

menopauza

Ex: Many women experience hot flashes and mood swings during menopause. 
infective
infective
[przymiotnik]

related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection

zakaźny, infekcyjny

zakaźny, infekcyjny

Ex: The infective bacteria spread quickly through the contaminated water supply. 
preventative
preventative
[przymiotnik]

designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases

zapobiegawczy, profilaktyczny

zapobiegawczy, profilaktyczny

Ex: The doctor recommended a preventative vaccine to avoid the flu this season. 
psychiatric
psychiatric
[przymiotnik]

relating to the study and treatment of mental illness

psychiatryczny, związany z psychiatrią

psychiatryczny, związany z psychiatrią

Ex: She sought psychiatric help to manage her anxiety disorder. 
psychologist
psychologist
[Rzeczownik]

a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health

psycholog, specjalista psychologii

psycholog, specjalista psychologii

Ex: The psychologist counseled patients struggling with anxiety and depression. 
ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
[Rzeczownik]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

kwas askorbinowy, witamina C

kwas askorbinowy, witamina C

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
dysfunction
dysfunction
[Rzeczownik]

the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

dysfunkcja, zaburzenie funkcji

dysfunkcja, zaburzenie funkcji

Ex: Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. 
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