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Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Litteratur och skrivande

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om litteratur och skrivande, såsom "lurid", "epic", "psalm" etc., som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[adjektiv]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

förkortad,  sammanfattad

förkortad, sammanfattad

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allegorical
[adjektiv]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

allegorisk, symbolisk

allegorisk, symbolisk

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lurid
[adjektiv]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

skandalös, makaber

skandalös, makaber

Ex: The lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .De **chockerande** skvallret om kändisens drogmissbruk och oförutsägbara beteende målade en oroande bild av trycket från berömmelse och förmögenhet.
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turgid
[adjektiv]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

svulstig, pompös

svulstig, pompös

Ex: The legal document was filled with turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .Det juridiska dokumentet var fyllt med **svulstigt** språk som gjorde det nästan omöjligt att förstå.
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acrostic
[Substantiv]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

akrostikon, akrostikon dikt

akrostikon, akrostikon dikt

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burlesque
[Substantiv]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodi, burlesk

parodi, burlesk

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doggerel
[Substantiv]

humorous and poorly written poetry

humoristisk poesi, dåligt skriven poesi

humoristisk poesi, dåligt skriven poesi

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than lazy doggerel.Kritikerna har hånat hans senaste samling och beskrivit den som inget mer än lat **doggerel**.
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elegy
[Substantiv]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegi, sorgedikt

elegi, sorgedikt

Ex: Through the elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .Genom **elegin** fann poeten katarsis i att uttrycka sin sorg och hedra minnet av den bortgångne.
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epic
[Substantiv]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epos, episk dikt

epos, episk dikt

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.Diktarens senaste verk är en **epos** som firar grundandet av ett legendariskt kungarike.
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haiku
[Substantiv]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku, haikudikt

haiku, haikudikt

Ex: She recited a haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .Hon reciterade en **haiku** om de flyktiga körsbärsblommorna.
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lament
[Substantiv]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

klagosång, elegi

klagosång, elegi

Ex: The novel included a lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .Romanen innehöll en **klagosång** från protagonisten som framhävde deras djupa känsla av förlust.
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lampoon
[Substantiv]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

en satir, en parodi

en satir, en parodi

Ex: The lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .**Lampoonen** i satirtidningen kritiserade smart regeringens hantering av krisen.
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ode
[Substantiv]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

od, lyrisk dikt

od, lyrisk dikt

Ex: The ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .**Oden** var fylld med utarbetade metaforer och livfulla bilder.
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parody
[Substantiv]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodi, humoristisk imitation

parodi, humoristisk imitation

Ex: The theater troupe performed a parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .Teatergruppen uppförde en **parodi** på ett välkänt Shakespeare-pjäs, med komiska vändningar och moderna referenser i dialogen.
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psalm
[Substantiv]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

psalm, hymn

psalm, hymn

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sonnet
[Substantiv]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonett, fjortonradigt poem

sonett, fjortonradigt poem

Ex: She wrote a sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .Hon skrev en **sonett** för sin litteraturklass, enligt den traditionella 14-radiga strukturen.
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bard
[Substantiv]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bard, skald

bard, skald

Ex: At the festival , the bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .På festivalen fängslade **bard** publiken med en livfull framförande av traditionella låtar.
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stanza
[Substantiv]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

strof, vers

strof, vers

Ex: The stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
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canto
[Substantiv]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

sång, avsnitt

sång, avsnitt

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series of cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .Eposet var ursprungligen sammansatt i en serie **cantoer**, var och en erbjuder en unik syn på resan.
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conceit
[Substantiv]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

conceit, utarbetad metafor

conceit, utarbetad metafor

Ex: Through the use of conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .Genom användningen av **conceit** utforskar poeten sammankopplingen mellan natur och mänsklighet och drar paralleller mellan den naturliga världens cykler och människolivets rytmer.
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enjambement
[Substantiv]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

enjambement

enjambement

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rhetoric
[Substantiv]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

retorik, vältalighet

retorik, vältalighet

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prosody
[Substantiv]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prosodi, systematisk studie av metriska strukturer och ljud i poesi

prosodi, systematisk studie av metriska strukturer och ljud i poesi

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addendum
[Substantiv]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

tillägg, bilaga

tillägg, bilaga

Ex: The manuscript ’s addendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .Manuskriptets **tillägg** innehöll kompletterande information som inte täcktes i huvudkapitlen.
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antagonist
[Substantiv]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonist, fiende

antagonist, fiende

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against the antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .Genom hela berättelsen fungerade huvudpersonens kamp mot **antagonisten** som en metafor för större teman om gott mot ont och människans andres motståndskraft.
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appendix
[Substantiv]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

bilaga, tillägg

bilaga, tillägg

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in the appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .Läsare kan hitta detaljerade tekniska specifikationer i **bilagan**, inklusive experimentella procedurer och beräkningar.
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blurb
[Substantiv]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

en kort reklambeskrivning, en lockande sammanfattning

en kort reklambeskrivning, en lockande sammanfattning

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often rely on blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
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marginalia
[Substantiv]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, marginalanteckningar

marginalia, marginalanteckningar

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glossary
[Substantiv]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

ordlista, glossar

ordlista, glossar

Ex: The glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .**Ordlista** definierar inte bara termer utan ger också exempel på hur de används i meningar.
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erratum
[Substantiv]

an error in a written or printed document

erratum,  fel

erratum, fel

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canon
[Substantiv]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

kanon, allmänt accepterade regler

kanon, allmänt accepterade regler

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to the canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
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motif
[Substantiv]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motiv, tema

motiv, tema

Ex: The motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .**Motivet** "natur mot civilisation" fungerar som ett centralt tema i berättelsen och belyser spänningen mellan mänsklighetens primala instinkter och samhällsnormer.
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codex
[Substantiv]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

kodex, antik handskrift

kodex, antik handskrift

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection of codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .Klostrets bibliotek hyser en anmärkningsvärd samling av **kodexar**, var och en noggrant kopierad och illustrerad för hand av hängivna skrivare.
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magnum opus
[Substantiv]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

mästerverk, magnum opus

mästerverk, magnum opus

Ex: The novelist 's magnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .Romanförfattarens **magnum opus**, en omfattande epok som sträcker sig över generationer, har hyllats för sin invecklade handling och rikt utvecklade karaktärer.
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novella
[Substantiv]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

novell, kort roman

novell, kort roman

Ex: The novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .**Novellen** berömdes för sin koncisa berättelse och rika karaktärsutveckling.
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plot hole
[Substantiv]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

plothål, berättarmässig inkonsekvens

plothål, berättarmässig inkonsekvens

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prolixity
[Substantiv]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

ordrikedom

ordrikedom

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise , impactful statements to maintain the readers ' interest .Redaktören rådde författaren att undvika **prolixity** genom att klippa bort onödiga ord och fokusera på koncisa, slagkraftiga uttalanden för att behålla läsarnas intresse.
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to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satirisera, håna

satirisera, håna

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epilogue
[Substantiv]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

epilog

epilog

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