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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Panitikan at Pagsusulat

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa panitikan at pagsusulat, tulad ng "lurid", "epic", "psalm", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Pagsusulit

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[pang-uri]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

pinaikli,  pinasimple

pinaikli, pinasimple

allegorical
[pang-uri]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegoriko, simboliko

alegoriko, simboliko

lurid
[pang-uri]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

nakakagulat, nakakadiri

nakakagulat, nakakadiri

Ex: The lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .Ang **nakakadiring** tsismis tungkol sa drug addiction at erratic behavior ng celebrity ay nagpinta ng nakababahalang larawan ng mga pressures ng fame at fortune.
turgid
[pang-uri]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

masyadoong seryoso, makomplikado

masyadoong seryoso, makomplikado

Ex: The legal document was filled with turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .Ang legal na dokumento ay puno ng **masalimuot** na wika na halos imposible itong maintindihan.
acrostic
[Pangngalan]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

akrostik, tulang akrostik

akrostik, tulang akrostik

burlesque
[Pangngalan]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodya, burlesk

parodya, burlesk

doggerel
[Pangngalan]

humorous and poorly written poetry

tula pang-katuwaan, masamang sulat na tula

tula pang-katuwaan, masamang sulat na tula

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than lazy doggerel.Tinutuya ng mga kritiko ang kanyang bagong koleksyon, na tinawag itong walang iba kundi tamad na **doggerel**.
elegy
[Pangngalan]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elehiya, awit ng pagluluksa

elehiya, awit ng pagluluksa

Ex: Through the elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .Sa pamamagitan ng **elegiya**, natagpuan ng makata ang katharsis sa pagpapahayag ng kanilang kalungkutan at pagpupugay sa alaala ng yumao.
epic
[Pangngalan]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epiko, tulang epiko

epiko, tulang epiko

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.Ang pinakabagong gawa ng makata ay isang **epiko** na nagdiriwang sa pagtatag ng isang maalamat na kaharian.
haiku
[Pangngalan]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku, tula haiku

haiku, tula haiku

Ex: She recited a haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .Siya ay bumigkas ng **haiku** tungkol sa pansamantalang mga bulaklak ng cherry.
lament
[Pangngalan]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

panaghoy, himig ng pagdadalamhati

panaghoy, himig ng pagdadalamhati

Ex: The novel included a lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .Ang nobela ay may kasamang **panaghoy** ng bida na nag-highlight ng kanilang malalim na pakiramdam ng pagkawala.
lampoon
[Pangngalan]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

isang satira, isang parodya

isang satira, isang parodya

Ex: The lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .Ang **lampoon** sa satire magazine ay matalinong nanghikayat sa pamamahala ng gobyerno sa krisis.
ode
[Pangngalan]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

ode, tulang liriko

ode, tulang liriko

Ex: The ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .Ang **ode** ay puno ng masalimuot na talinghaga at buhay na imahe.
parody
[Pangngalan]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodya, pang-uyam na panggagaya

parodya, pang-uyam na panggagaya

Ex: The theater troupe performed a parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .Ang theater troupe ay nagtanghal ng isang **parodya** ng isang kilalang dula ni Shakespeare, na nagdagdag ng mga komikong twist at kontemporaryong sanggunian sa diyalogo.
psalm
[Pangngalan]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

awit, salm

awit, salm

sonnet
[Pangngalan]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

soneto, tula na may labing-apat na taludtod

soneto, tula na may labing-apat na taludtod

Ex: She wrote a sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .Sumulat siya ng isang **soneto** para sa kanyang klase sa panitikan, na sumusunod sa tradisyonal na 14-line na istraktura.
bard
[Pangngalan]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bard, makatang manunulat

bard, makatang manunulat

Ex: At the festival , the bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .Sa festival, ang **bard** ay humalina sa madla sa pamamagitan ng masiglang pagtatanghal ng mga tradisyonal na kanta.
stanza
[Pangngalan]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

saknong, tudling

saknong, tudling

Ex: The stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
canto
[Pangngalan]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

kanto, seksyon

kanto, seksyon

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series of cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .Ang epiko ay orihinal na binubuo ng isang serye ng **canto**, bawat isa ay nag-aalok ng isang natatanging pananaw sa paglalakbay.
conceit
[Pangngalan]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

conceit, masalimuot na talinghaga

conceit, masalimuot na talinghaga

Ex: Through the use of conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .Sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng **conceit**, tinalakay ng makata ang pagkakaugnay ng kalikasan at sangkatauhan, na gumuhit ng mga pagkakatulad sa pagitan ng mga siklo ng natural na mundo at ng mga ritmo ng buhay ng tao.
enjambement
[Pangngalan]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

enjambement

enjambement

rhetoric
[Pangngalan]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

retorika, sining ng panghihikayat

retorika, sining ng panghihikayat

prosody
[Pangngalan]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prosodya, sistematikong pag-aaral ng metrikong mga istruktura at tunog sa tula

prosodya, sistematikong pag-aaral ng metrikong mga istruktura at tunog sa tula

addendum
[Pangngalan]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

addendum, dagdag

addendum, dagdag

Ex: The manuscript ’s addendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .Ang **addendum** ng manuskrito ay naglalaman ng karagdagang impormasyon na hindi sakop sa mga pangunahing kabanata.
antagonist
[Pangngalan]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista, kalaban

antagonista, kalaban

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against the antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .Sa buong kwento, ang pakikibaka ng bida laban sa **kontrabida** ay nagsilbing metapora para sa mas malalaking tema ng kabutihan laban sa kasamaan at ang katatagan ng diwa ng tao.
appendix
[Pangngalan]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

apendise, dagdag

apendise, dagdag

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in the appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .Maaaring makahanap ang mga mambabasa ng detalyadong teknikal na mga pagtutukoy sa **apendise**, kasama ang mga eksperimental na pamamaraan at kalkulasyon.
blurb
[Pangngalan]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

maikling deskripsyon na pang-promosyon, kaakit-akit na buod

maikling deskripsyon na pang-promosyon, kaakit-akit na buod

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often rely on blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
marginalia
[Pangngalan]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, mga tala sa gilid

marginalia, mga tala sa gilid

glossary
[Pangngalan]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosaryo, talasalitaan

glosaryo, talasalitaan

Ex: The glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .Ang **glossary** ay hindi lamang nagbibigay-kahulugan sa mga termino kundi nagbibigay din ng mga halimbawa kung paano gamitin ang mga ito sa mga pangungusap.
erratum
[Pangngalan]

an error in a written or printed document

erratum,  pagkakamali

erratum, pagkakamali

canon
[Pangngalan]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

kanon, pangkalahatang tinatanggap na mga patakaran

kanon, pangkalahatang tinatanggap na mga patakaran

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to the canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
motif
[Pangngalan]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motibo, tema

motibo, tema

Ex: The motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .Ang **motif** ng "kalikasan laban sa sibilisasyon" ay nagsisilbing sentral na tema sa kwento, na nagha-highlight ng tensyon sa pagitan ng mga primal instincts ng sangkatauhan at mga societal norms.
codex
[Pangngalan]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

codex, sinaunang aklat na manuskrito

codex, sinaunang aklat na manuskrito

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection of codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .Ang aklatan ng monasteryo ay naglalaman ng isang kahanga-hangang koleksyon ng **codex**, bawat isa ay maingat na kinopya at iginuhit ng kamay ng mga dedicadong scribe.
magnum opus
[Pangngalan]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

obra maestra, magnum opus

obra maestra, magnum opus

Ex: The novelist 's magnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .Ang **magnum opus** ng nobelista, isang malawak na epiko na sumasaklaw sa mga henerasyon, ay ipinagdiriwang para sa masalimuot na balangkas at mayamang mga tauhan.
novella
[Pangngalan]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

maikling nobela, nobela

maikling nobela, nobela

Ex: The novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .Ang **maikling nobela** ay pinuri para sa maigsi nitong pagsasalaysay at mayamang pag-unlad ng karakter.
plot hole
[Pangngalan]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

butas sa balangkas, kawalan ng pagkakasunod-sunod sa pagsasalaysay

butas sa balangkas, kawalan ng pagkakasunod-sunod sa pagsasalaysay

prolixity
[Pangngalan]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

pagiging masyadong masalita

pagiging masyadong masalita

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise , impactful statements to maintain the readers ' interest .Pinayuhan ng editor ang manunulat na iwasan ang **prolixity** sa pamamagitan ng pagputol sa mga hindi kinakailangang salita at pagtuon sa maigsi, makabuluhang mga pahayag upang mapanatili ang interes ng mga mambabasa.
to satirize
[Pandiwa]

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

tumudyo, manuya

tumudyo, manuya

epilogue
[Pangngalan]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

epilogo

epilogo

Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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