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Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Литература и письменность

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о литературе и писательстве, такие как «мрачный», «эпический», «псалм» и т. д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[прилагательное]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

сокращенном

сокращенном

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allegorical
[прилагательное]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

аллегорический

аллегорический

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lurid
[прилагательное]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

зловещий

зловещий

Ex: lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .
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turgid
[прилагательное]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

напыщенный

напыщенный

Ex: The legal document was filled turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .
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acrostic
[существительное]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

акростих

акростих

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burlesque
[существительное]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

Пародия

Пародия

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doggerel
[существительное]

humorous and poorly written poetry

плохие стихи

плохие стихи

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than doggerel.
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elegy
[существительное]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

элегия

элегия

Ex: Through elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .
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epic
[существительное]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

эпопея

эпопея

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.
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haiku
[существительное]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

хокку

хокку

Ex: She recited haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .
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lament
[существительное]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

причитание

причитание

Ex: The novel included lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .
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lampoon
[существительное]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

памфлет, пасквиль

памфлет, пасквиль

Ex: lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .
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ode
[существительное]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

ода

ода

Ex: ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .
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parody
[существительное]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

пародия

пародия

Ex: The theater troupe performed parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .
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psalm
[существительное]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

псалом

псалом

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sonnet
[существительное]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

сонет

сонет

Ex: She wrote sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .
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bard
[существительное]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

поэт

поэт

Ex: At the festival , bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .
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stanza
[существительное]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

строфа

строфа

Ex: stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
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canto
[существительное]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

песнь

песнь

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .
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conceit
[существительное]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

тщеславие

тщеславие

Ex: conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .
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enjambement
[существительное]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

Анжамбеман

Анжамбеман

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rhetoric
[существительное]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

красноречие

красноречие

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prosody
[существительное]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

просодия, стихосложение

просодия, стихосложение

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addendum
[существительное]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

добавление

добавление

Ex: The manuscriptaddendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .
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antagonist
[существительное]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

противник

противник

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .
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appendix
[существительное]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

приложение

приложение

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .
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blurb
[существительное]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

реклама

реклама

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
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marginalia
[существительное]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

маргиналии

маргиналии

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glossary
[существительное]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

словарь

словарь

Ex: glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .
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erratum
[существительное]

an error in a written or printed document

опечатка

опечатка

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canon
[существительное]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

канон, принцип

канон, принцип

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
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motif
[существительное]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

мотив

мотив

Ex: motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .
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codex
[существительное]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

Коллекция древних рукописей

Коллекция древних рукописей

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .
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magnum opus
[существительное]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

великолепный опус

великолепный опус

Ex: The novelistmagnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .
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novella
[существительное]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

повесть

повесть

Ex: novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .
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plot hole
[существительное]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

сюжетный дыр

сюжетный дыр

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prolixity
[существительное]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

многословность

многословность

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise, impactful statements to maintain the readers' interest.
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to satirize
[глагол]

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

высмеивать

высмеивать

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epilogue
[существительное]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

эпилог

эпилог

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Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL
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