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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Literatura a Psaní

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o literatuře a psaní, jako jsou "lurid", "epic", "psalm" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
abridged
[Přídavné jméno]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

zkrácený,  zestručněný

zkrácený, zestručněný

allegorical
allegorical
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegorický, symbolický

alegorický, symbolický

lurid
lurid
[Přídavné jméno]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

skandální, hrůzný

skandální, hrůzný

Ex: The lurid revelations of sexual misconduct by a prominent politician led to widespread outrage and calls for resignation, highlighting a profound breach of ethical conduct. 
turgid
turgid
[Přídavné jméno]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

nabubřelý, pomposní

nabubřelý, pomposní

Ex: The professor’s lecture was so turgid that many students struggled to stay awake. 
acrostic
acrostic
[Podstatné jméno]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

akrostich, akrostichová báseň

akrostich, akrostichová báseň

burlesque
burlesque
[Podstatné jméno]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodie, burleska

parodie, burleska

doggerel
doggerel
[Podstatné jméno]

humorous and poorly written poetry

humorná poezie, špatně napsaná poezie

humorná poezie, špatně napsaná poezie

Ex: The book club laughed at the doggerel recited by the aspiring poet. 
elegy
elegy
[Podstatné jméno]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegie, žalozpěv

elegie, žalozpěv

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind. 
epic
epic
[Podstatné jméno]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epos, epická báseň

epos, epická báseň

Ex: The Iliad is one of the greatest epics of ancient Greek literature. 
haiku
haiku
[Podstatné jméno]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku, báseň haiku

haiku, báseň haiku

Ex: She wrote a haiku about the changing seasons. 
lament
lament
[Podstatné jméno]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

nářek, elegie

nářek, elegie

Ex: The mournful lament played at the funeral echoed the grief of the attendees. 
lampoon
lampoon
[Podstatné jméno]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

satira, parodie

satira, parodie

Ex: The editorial used a clever lampoon to poke fun at the politician's recent gaffe. 
ode
ode
[Podstatné jméno]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

óda, lyrická báseň

óda, lyrická báseň

Ex: The poet wrote an ode to celebrate the beauty of nature. 
parody
parody
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodie, humorná napodobenina

parodie, humorná napodobenina

Ex: The comedian's parody of the popular song went viral, making people laugh with its clever and humorous lyrics. 
psalm
psalm
[Podstatné jméno]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

žalm, chvalozpěv

žalm, chvalozpěv

sonnet
sonnet
[Podstatné jméno]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet, báseň o čtrnácti řádcích

sonet, báseň o čtrnácti řádcích

Ex: He struggled to fit his thoughts into the strict format of a sonnet. 
bard
bard
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bard, básník

bard, básník

Ex: In medieval times, the bard entertained the court with tales of heroism and love. 
stanza
stanza
[Podstatné jméno]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

sloka, strofa

sloka, strofa

Ex: The poem was structured with four stanzas, each following a different theme. 
canto
canto
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

zpěv, oddíl

zpěv, oddíl

Ex: He plans to write a new canto for his poem that reflects the changing seasons. 
conceit
conceit
[Podstatné jméno]

an elaborate or far-fetched poetic image or comparison between very dissimilar things, used in literature

koncept, conceit

koncept, conceit

Ex: John Donne's metaphysical poetry is famous for its conceits, such as comparing lovers to a compass. 
enjambement
enjambement
[Podstatné jméno]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

enjambement

enjambement

rhetoric
rhetoric
[Podstatné jméno]

bombastic or meaningless language

prázdné řeči, bombastické výrazy

prázdné řeči, bombastické výrazy

Ex: The council meeting was dominated by rhetoric with no solutions. 
prosody
prosody
[Podstatné jméno]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prozódie, systematické studium metrických struktur a zvuků v poezii

prozódie, systematické studium metrických struktur a zvuků v poezii

addendum
addendum
[Podstatné jméno]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

dodatek, příloha

dodatek, příloha

Ex: The book included an addendum with updated statistics on the topic. 
antagonist
antagonist
[Podstatné jméno]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista, nepřítel

antagonista, nepřítel

Ex: The antagonist in the novel was a cunning and ruthless villain, determined to thwart the protagonist's plans at every turn. 
appendix
appendix
[Podstatné jméno]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

příloha, dodatek

příloha, dodatek

Ex: The appendix of the research paper contained supplementary tables and charts referenced in the main text. 
blurb
blurb
[Podstatné jméno]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

krátký propagační popis, poutavé shrnutí

krátký propagační popis, poutavé shrnutí

Ex: The blurb on the back cover of the novel provides a brief summary of the plot to entice readers. 
marginalia
marginalia
[Podstatné jméno]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, poznámky na okrajích

marginalia, poznámky na okrajích

glossary
glossary
[Podstatné jméno]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosář, slovníček

glosář, slovníček

Ex: The textbook includes a glossary at the end, providing definitions for key terms and concepts. 
erratum
erratum
[Podstatné jméno]

an error in a written or printed document

erratum,  chyba

erratum, chyba

canon
canon
[Podstatné jméno]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

kánon, obecně přijímaná pravidla

kánon, obecně přijímaná pravidla

Ex: In literature, Shakespeare's plays are often considered part of the canon, representing some of the most significant works in English literature. 
motif
motif
[Podstatné jméno]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motiv, téma

motiv, téma

Ex: The motif of the "hero's journey" is a common theme in many epic tales, symbolizing the protagonist's growth and transformation. 
codex
codex
[Podstatné jméno]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

kodex, starověký rukopis

kodex, starověký rukopis

Ex: The museum's prized exhibit is an illuminated codex from the medieval period, featuring intricately detailed illustrations and calligraphy. 
magnum opus
magnum opus
[Podstatné jméno]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

vrcholné dílo, magnum opus

vrcholné dílo, magnum opus

Ex: Many critics consider Beethoven's Ninth Symphony to be his magnum opus, showcasing the pinnacle of his musical genius. 
novella
novella
[Podstatné jméno]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

novela, krátký román

novela, krátký román

Ex: The author released a novella that explored themes of love and loss. 
plot hole
plot hole
[Podstatné jméno]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

dějová díra, narativní nesrovnalost

dějová díra, narativní nesrovnalost

prolixity
prolixity
[Podstatné jméno]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

rozvláčnost

rozvláčnost

Ex: The professor's lecture was criticized for its prolixity, as many students found the excessive detail and lengthy explanations overwhelming and tedious. 
to satirize
to satirize
[sloveso]

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satirizovat, vysmívat se

satirizovat, vysmívat se

epilogue
epilogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a brief section added at the end of a literary work, providing closure, commentary, or resolution

epilog, doslov

epilog, doslov

Ex: The novel concluded with an epilogue explaining the characters' futures. 
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