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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Literatura a psaní

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o literatuře a psaní, jako je „lurid“, „epic“, „žalm“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[Přídavné jméno]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

zkrácený, zkracovaný

zkrácený, zkracovaný

allegorical
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

allegorický, symbolický

allegorický, symbolický

lurid
[Přídavné jméno]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

skandální, úchvatný

skandální, úchvatný

Ex: lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .
turgid
[Přídavné jméno]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

přehnaný, slavnostní

přehnaný, slavnostní

Ex: The legal document was filled turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .
acrostic
[Podstatné jméno]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

akrostich, akrostichový verš

akrostich, akrostichový verš

burlesque
[Podstatné jméno]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

burleska, parodie

burleska, parodie

doggerel
[Podstatné jméno]

humorous and poorly written poetry

básnička, vtipné verše

básnička, vtipné verše

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than doggerel.
elegy
[Podstatné jméno]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegie, žalozpěv

elegie, žalozpěv

Ex: Through elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .
epic
[Podstatné jméno]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epos, epická báseň

epos, epická báseň

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.
haiku
[Podstatné jméno]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku, japonská báseň

haiku, japonská báseň

Ex: She recited haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .
lament
[Podstatné jméno]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

nářek, lamentace

nářek, lamentace

Ex: The novel included lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .
lampoon
[Podstatné jméno]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

lampoon, satira

lampoon, satira

Ex: lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .
ode
[Podstatné jméno]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

óda, píseň oslavná

óda, píseň oslavná

Ex: ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .
parody
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodie, napodobenina

parodie, napodobenina

Ex: The theater troupe performed parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .
psalm
[Podstatné jméno]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

žalm, píseň

žalm, píseň

sonnet
[Podstatné jméno]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet, sonetová báseň

sonet, sonetová báseň

Ex: She wrote sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .
bard
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

básník, bard

básník, bard

Ex: At the festival , bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .
stanza
[Podstatné jméno]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

stanza, sloka

stanza, sloka

Ex: stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
canto
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

canto, úsek

canto, úsek

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .
conceit
[Podstatné jméno]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

koncipování, přirovnání

koncipování, přirovnání

Ex: conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .
enjambement
[Podstatné jméno]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

enjambement, přerušení verše

enjambement, přerušení verše

rhetoric
[Podstatné jméno]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

rétorika, řečnictví

rétorika, řečnictví

prosody
[Podstatné jméno]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prosodie, metrická struktura

prosodie, metrická struktura

addendum
[Podstatné jméno]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

dodatek, příloha

dodatek, příloha

Ex: The manuscriptaddendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .
antagonist
[Podstatné jméno]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista, záporák

antagonista, záporák

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .
appendix
[Podstatné jméno]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

příloha, dodatek

příloha, dodatek

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .
blurb
[Podstatné jméno]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

upoutávka, propagační text

upoutávka, propagační text

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
marginalia
[Podstatné jméno]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

okrajové poznámky, marginalie

okrajové poznámky, marginalie

glossary
[Podstatné jméno]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosář, terminologický slovník

glosář, terminologický slovník

Ex: glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .
erratum
[Podstatné jméno]

an error in a written or printed document

oprava, chyba

oprava, chyba

canon
[Podstatné jméno]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

kanon, kánon

kanon, kánon

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
motif
[Podstatné jméno]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motiv, témat

motiv, témat

Ex: motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .
codex
[Podstatné jméno]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

kódex, rukopis

kódex, rukopis

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .
magnum opus
[Podstatné jméno]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

vrcholné dílo, majstrštyk

vrcholné dílo, majstrštyk

Ex: The novelistmagnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .
novella
[Podstatné jméno]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

novela, krátký román

novela, krátký román

Ex: novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .
plot hole
[Podstatné jméno]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

dějová jáma, narrativní nesrovnalost

dějová jáma, narrativní nesrovnalost

prolixity
[Podstatné jméno]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

rozvláčnost, obšírnost

rozvláčnost, obšírnost

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise, impactful statements to maintain the readers' interest.
to satirize
[sloveso]

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satirizovat, zesměšňovat

satirizovat, zesměšňovat

epilogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

epilog, dodatek

epilog, dodatek

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