واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - ادبیات و نویسندگی

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

خلاصه‌شده

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

تمثیلی

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

زننده و موحش

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

پرطمطراق

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

شعر موشح

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

نقیضه

poetry that is loosely styled by an irregular rhythm, intended to have a comic effect

شعر بی‌مایه

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

مرثیه

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

شعر حماسی

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

هایکو

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

ملودی غم‌انگیز

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

هجویه

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

قصیده غنایی

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

نقیضه

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

سرود مذهبی

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

قطعه شعر 14 سطری

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

شاعر

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

بند (شعر)

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

کانتو (شعر)

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

استعاره بعید

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

موقوف‌المعانی

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

بلاغت

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

علم عروض

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

پیوست

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

ضدقهرمان

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

پیوست

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

خلاصه‌ای کوتاه (روی جلد کتاب یا در تبلیغات)

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

حاشیه‌نگاری

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

فهرست اصطلاحات

an error in a written or printed document

اصلاحیه

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

اصول (هنر یا فلسفه)

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

بن‌مایه

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

دست‌نوشته قدیمی

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

شاهکار

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

رمان کوتاه

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

حفره داستانی

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

گزافه‌گویی

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

به‌صورت طنز نقد کردن

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

مؤخره