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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL - Literatură și Scriere

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în limba engleză despre literatură și scris, precum „lurid”, „epic”, „psalm”, etc. care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[adjectiv]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

abreviat, scurtat

abreviat, scurtat

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allegorical
[adjectiv]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

allegoric, alegoric

allegoric, alegoric

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lurid
[adjectiv]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

şocant, macabru

şocant, macabru

Ex: lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .
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turgid
[adjectiv]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

turgid, greoi

turgid, greoi

Ex: The legal document was filled turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .
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acrostic
[substantiv]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

acrostih, acrostic

acrostih, acrostic

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burlesque
[substantiv]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

burlescă, parodie

burlescă, parodie

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doggerel
[substantiv]

humorous and poorly written poetry

bălăcăreala, poezie proastă

bălăcăreala, poezie proastă

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than doggerel.
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elegy
[substantiv]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegie, poemă funerară

elegie, poemă funerară

Ex: Through elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .
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epic
[substantiv]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epopee, epic

epopee, epic

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.
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haiku
[substantiv]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku, poemă japoneză

haiku, poemă japoneză

Ex: She recited haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .
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lament
[substantiv]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

lamentație, plângere

lamentație, plângere

Ex: The novel included lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .
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lampoon
[substantiv]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

pamflet, satiră

pamflet, satiră

Ex: lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .
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ode
[substantiv]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

odi, ode

odi, ode

Ex: ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .
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parody
[substantiv]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodie, imitatie

parodie, imitatie

Ex: The theater troupe performed parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .
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psalm
[substantiv]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

psalm, cântare

psalm, cântare

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sonnet
[substantiv]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet, poem sonet

sonet, poem sonet

Ex: She wrote sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .
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bard
[substantiv]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bard, cântăreț

bard, cântăreț

Ex: At the festival , bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .
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stanza
[substantiv]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

strofă, verset

strofă, verset

Ex: stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
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canto
[substantiv]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

canto, canto (poetic)

canto, canto (poetic)

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .
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conceit
[substantiv]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

conceit, concepție

conceit, concepție

Ex: conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .
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enjambement
[substantiv]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

enjambament, continuare vers

enjambament, continuare vers

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rhetoric
[substantiv]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

retorică, rhetorică

retorică, rhetorică

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prosody
[substantiv]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prozodie, metrica

prozodie, metrica

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addendum
[substantiv]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

adendă, adauga

adendă, adauga

Ex: The manuscriptaddendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .
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antagonist
[substantiv]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonist, inamic

antagonist, inamic

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .
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appendix
[substantiv]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

apendice, anexă

apendice, anexă

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .
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blurb
[substantiv]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

rezumat, descriere scurtă

rezumat, descriere scurtă

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
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marginalia
[substantiv]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalii, note marginale

marginalii, note marginale

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glossary
[substantiv]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosar, glosar de termeni

glosar, glosar de termeni

Ex: glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .
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erratum
[substantiv]

an error in a written or printed document

eroare, erratum

eroare, erratum

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canon
[substantiv]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

canon, canonic

canon, canonic

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
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motif
[substantiv]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motiv, temă

motiv, temă

Ex: motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .
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codex
[substantiv]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

codex, caiet de manuscrise

codex, caiet de manuscrise

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .
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magnum opus
[substantiv]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

opera magna, marele opus

opera magna, marele opus

Ex: The novelistmagnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .
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novella
[substantiv]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

nuvelă, roman scurt

nuvelă, roman scurt

Ex: novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .
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plot hole
[substantiv]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

eroare de poveste, incoerență în narațiune

eroare de poveste, incoerență în narațiune

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prolixity
[substantiv]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

prolixitate, lungime excesivă

prolixitate, lungime excesivă

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise, impactful statements to maintain the readers' interest.
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to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satiriza, ironiza

satiriza, ironiza

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epilogue
[substantiv]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

epilog, epilogul

epilog, epilogul

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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL
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