المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - الأدب والكتابة

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

مختصر

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

مجازي

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

صادم

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

بارز

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

تَشَدُّقٌ

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

بِرْلِسْك

poetry that is loosely styled by an irregular rhythm, intended to have a comic effect

شعر هزلي

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

مرثية

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

ملحمة

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

هايكو

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

إنشاد حزين

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

تهكم

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

أود

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

تَجْسِيد هزلي

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

مزمور

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

سونيت

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

شاعر

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

مقطع

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

كانتو

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

تخييل معقد

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

إينجامبينت

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

بلاغة

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

الاستعارة

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

مُلحق

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

الخصم

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

ملحق

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

نبذة

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

هامشيات

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

معجم

an error in a written or printed document

خطأ

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

قانون

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

نمط

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

كُودِكس

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

عمل فني عظيم

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

رواية قصيرة

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

ثغرة في القصة

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

الإطالة

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

سخر

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

الخاتمة