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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Literatura y Escritura

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre literatura y escritura, como "lurid", "epic", "psalm", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[Adjetivo]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

abreviado, compendiado

abreviado, compendiado

allegorical
[Adjetivo]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegórico

alegórico

lurid
[Adjetivo]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

horripilante, espeluznante

horripilante, espeluznante

Ex: lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .
turgid
[Adjetivo]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

ampuloso, pomposo

ampuloso, pomposo

Ex: The legal document was filled turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .
acrostic
[Sustantivo]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

acróstico

acróstico

burlesque
[Sustantivo]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodia

parodia

doggerel
[Sustantivo]

humorous and poorly written poetry

poesía burlesca

poesía burlesca

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than doggerel.
elegy
[Sustantivo]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegía

elegía

Ex: Through elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .
epic
[Sustantivo]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epopeya

epopeya

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.
haiku
[Sustantivo]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku

haiku

Ex: She recited haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .
lament
[Sustantivo]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

elegía

elegía

Ex: The novel included lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .
lampoon
[Sustantivo]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

sátira

sátira

Ex: lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .
ode
[Sustantivo]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

oda

oda

Ex: ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .
parody
[Sustantivo]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodia

parodia

Ex: The theater troupe performed parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .
psalm
[Sustantivo]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

salmo

salmo

sonnet
[Sustantivo]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

soneto

soneto

Ex: She wrote sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .
bard
[Sustantivo]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bardo, vate

bardo, vate

Ex: At the festival , bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .
stanza
[Sustantivo]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

estrofa

estrofa

Ex: stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
canto
[Sustantivo]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

canto

canto

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .
conceit
[Sustantivo]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

concepto

concepto

Ex: conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .
enjambement
[Sustantivo]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

encabalgamiento

encabalgamiento

rhetoric
[Sustantivo]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

retórica

retórica

prosody
[Sustantivo]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prosodia

prosodia

addendum
[Sustantivo]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

apéndice, adenda

apéndice, adenda

Ex: The manuscriptaddendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .
antagonist
[Sustantivo]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista

antagonista

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .
appendix
[Sustantivo]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

apéndice

apéndice

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .
blurb
[Sustantivo]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

propaganda, texto de contraportada

propaganda, texto de contraportada

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
marginalia
[Sustantivo]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, notas al margen

marginalia, notas al margen

glossary
[Sustantivo]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosario

glosario

Ex: glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .
erratum
[Sustantivo]

an error in a written or printed document

errata

errata

canon
[Sustantivo]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

canon

canon

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
motif
[Sustantivo]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

tema, motivo

tema, motivo

Ex: motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .
codex
[Sustantivo]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

códice

códice

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .
magnum opus
[Sustantivo]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

obra maestra

obra maestra

Ex: The novelistmagnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .
novella
[Sustantivo]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

novela corta

novela corta

Ex: novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .
plot hole
[Sustantivo]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

vacío argumental, plot hole

vacío argumental, plot hole

prolixity
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

verbosidad, palabrería

verbosidad, palabrería

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise, impactful statements to maintain the readers' interest.

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satirizar

satirizar

epilogue
[Sustantivo]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

epílogo

epílogo

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