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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Literatura y Escritura

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre literatura y escritura, como "lurid", "epic", "psalm", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Cuestionario

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
abridged
[Adjetivo]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

abreviado, compendiado

abreviado, compendiado

allegorical
allegorical
[Adjetivo]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegórico

alegórico

lurid
lurid
[Adjetivo]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

horripilante, espeluznante

horripilante, espeluznante

Ex: The lurid affair between the married CEO and his secretary scandalized the company, resulting in a messy divorce and a tarnished corporate image due to blatant disregard for moral values. 

El escandaloso romance entre el CEO casado y su secretaria escandalizó a la empresa, resultando en un divorcio complicado y una imagen corporativa dañada debido a un desprecio flagrante por los valores morales.

turgid
turgid
[Adjetivo]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

ampuloso, pomposo

ampuloso, pomposo

Ex: The novel's turgid narrative style made it a challenging read for most people. 

El estilo narrativo inflado de la novela la convirtió en una lectura difícil para la mayoría de las personas.

acrostic
acrostic
[Sustantivo]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

acróstico

acróstico

burlesque
burlesque
[Sustantivo]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodia

parodia

doggerel
doggerel
[Sustantivo]

humorous and poorly written poetry

poesía burlesca

poesía burlesca

Ex: The poet has been crafting beautiful verses lately, leaving his earlier doggerel behind. 

El poeta ha estado elaborando hermosos versos últimamente, dejando atrás sus anteriores doggerels.

elegy
elegy
[Sustantivo]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegía

elegía

Ex: In literature, an elegy is a poetic form that expresses sorrow and lamentation, often commemorating the dead or reflecting on the transient nature of life. 

En la literatura, una elegía es una forma poética que expresa tristeza y lamentación, a menudo conmemorando a los muertos o reflexionando sobre la naturaleza transitoria de la vida.

epic
epic
[Sustantivo]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epopeya

epopeya

Ex: The film adaptation captured the grandeur of the medieval epic. 

La adaptación cinematográfica capturó la grandeza de la épica medieval.

haiku
haiku
[Sustantivo]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku

haiku

Ex: Students learned to compose a haiku during their literature class. 

Los estudiantes aprendieron a componer un haiku durante su clase de literatura.

lament
lament
[Sustantivo]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

elegía

elegía

Ex: The folk song was a traditional lament for soldiers who had fallen in battle. 

La canción folclórica era un lamento tradicional por los soldados caídos en batalla.

lampoon
lampoon
[Sustantivo]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

sátira

sátira

Ex: The book's lampoon of celebrity culture offered a humorous critique of fame and media obsession. 

La sátira del libro sobre la cultura de las celebridades ofreció una crítica humorística de la fama y la obsesión mediática.

ode
ode
[Sustantivo]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

oda

oda

Ex: The classical musician performed a musical rendition of the famous ode. 

El músico clásico interpretó una versión musical de la famosa oda.

parody
parody
[Sustantivo]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodia

parodia

Ex: The film was a parody of superhero movies, poking fun at the genre's clichés and over-the-top action scenes. 

La película era una parodia de las películas de superhéroes, burlándose de los clichés del género y de las escenas de acción exageradas.

psalm
psalm
[Sustantivo]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

salmo

salmo

sonnet
sonnet
[Sustantivo]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

soneto

soneto

Ex: The poet recited a classic sonnet by Shakespeare during the literary evening. 

El poeta recitó un soneto clásico de Shakespeare durante la velada literaria.

bard
bard
[Sustantivo]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bardo, vate

bardo, vate

Ex: Legends say that the bard's songs had the power to bring joy and inspiration to all who listened. 

Las leyendas dicen que las canciones del bardo tenían el poder de traer alegría e inspiración a todos los que escuchaban.

stanza
stanza
[Sustantivo]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

estrofa

estrofa

Ex: She analyzed the stanza to understand its symbolic meaning. 

Ella analizó la estrofa para comprender su significado simbólico.

canto
canto
[Sustantivo]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

canto

canto

Ex: In his latest book, the author divided the narrative into ten cantos, each exploring a different theme. 

En su último libro, el autor dividió la narrativa en diez cantos, cada uno explorando un tema diferente.

conceit
conceit
[Sustantivo]

an elaborate or far-fetched poetic image or comparison between very dissimilar things, used in literature

concepto

concepto

Ex: She wrote a conceit comparing the mind to a labyrinth. 

Ella escribió un conceit comparando la mente con un laberinto.

enjambement
enjambement
[Sustantivo]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

encabalgamiento

encabalgamiento

rhetoric
rhetoric
[Sustantivo]

bombastic or meaningless language

retórica

retórica

Ex: The article was more rhetoric than reporting. 

El artículo fue más retórica que reportaje.

prosody
prosody
[Sustantivo]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prosodia

prosodia

addendum
addendum
[Sustantivo]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

apéndice, adenda

apéndice, adenda

Ex: The addendum corrected a minor error found in the main text of the book. 

El addendum corrigió un pequeño error encontrado en el texto principal del libro.

antagonist
antagonist
[Sustantivo]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista

antagonista

Ex: The antagonist's motivations were complex, driven by a deep-seated desire for power and revenge against the protagonist. 

Las motivaciones del antagonista eran complejas, impulsadas por un deseo arraigado de poder y venganza contra el protagonista.

appendix
appendix
[Sustantivo]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

apéndice

apéndice

Ex: Students were instructed to refer to the appendix for additional resources and data related to their coursework. 
blurb
blurb
[Sustantivo]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

propaganda, texto de contraportada

propaganda, texto de contraportada

Ex: Authors often collaborate with publishers to craft compelling blurbs that capture the essence of their books and appeal to potential readers. 

Los autores a menudo colaboran con los editores para redactar textos de contraportada convincentes que capturan la esencia de sus libros y atraen a lectores potenciales.

marginalia
marginalia
[Sustantivo]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, notas al margen

marginalia, notas al margen

glossary
glossary
[Sustantivo]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosario

glosario

Ex: The glossary is an essential tool for students learning a new language, helping them memorize vocabulary. 

El glosario es una herramienta esencial para los estudiantes que aprenden un nuevo idioma, ayudándoles a memorizar vocabulario.

erratum
erratum
[Sustantivo]

an error in a written or printed document

errata

errata

canon
canon
[Sustantivo]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

canon

canon

Ex: The scientific method is a fundamental part of the canon of modern science, providing a framework for conducting experiments and analyzing data. 

El método científico es una parte fundamental del canon de la ciencia moderna, proporcionando un marco para realizar experimentos y analizar datos.

motif
motif
[Sustantivo]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

tema, motivo

tema, motivo

Ex: Through the motif of the "fall from grace," the author explores the consequences of hubris and the fragility of human ambition. 

A través del motivo de la "caída de la gracia", el autor explora las consecuencias de la hibris y la fragilidad de la ambición humana.

codex
codex
[Sustantivo]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

códice

códice

Ex: The codex was carefully preserved in a climate-controlled vault to prevent further deterioration of its delicate parchment pages. 

El codex fue cuidadosamente preservado en una bóveda con control climático para prevenir un mayor deterioro de sus delicadas páginas de pergamino.

magnum opus
magnum opus
[Sustantivo]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

obra maestra

obra maestra

Ex: The filmmaker's latest movie has been hailed as his magnum opus, combining stunning visuals and a compelling narrative to create a cinematic masterpiece. 

La última película del cineasta ha sido aclamada como su magnum opus, combinando imágenes impresionantes y una narrativa convincente para crear una obra maestra cinematográfica.

novella
novella
[Sustantivo]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

novela corta

novela corta

Ex: He spent months writing a novella to capture the essence of his complex plot. 

Pasó meses escribiendo una novela corta para capturar la esencia de su trama compleja.

plot hole
plot hole
[Sustantivo]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

vacío argumental, plot hole

vacío argumental, plot hole

prolixity
prolixity
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

verbosidad, palabrería

verbosidad, palabrería

Ex: The lawyer's closing argument suffered from prolixity, causing the jury to lose focus as he elaborated on every minor point in exhaustive detail. 

El argumento final del abogado adolecía de prolijidad, lo que hizo que el jurado perdiera el enfoque mientras él elaboraba cada punto menor con un detalle exhaustivo.

to satirize

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satirizar

satirizar

epilogue
epilogue
[Sustantivo]

a brief section added at the end of a literary work, providing closure, commentary, or resolution

epílogo

epílogo

Ex: The epilogue tied up loose plot threads left in the main story. 

El epílogo ató los cabos sueltos de la trama que quedaron en la historia principal.

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