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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Literatura y Escritura

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre literatura y escritura, como "lurid", "epic", "psalm", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abridged
[Adjetivo]

(a book, play, text, etc.) made shorter than the original by omitting some details

abreviado, compendiado

abreviado, compendiado

allegorical
[Adjetivo]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegórico

alegórico

lurid
[Adjetivo]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

horripilante, espeluznante

horripilante, espeluznante

Ex: The lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .Los chismes **lúgubres** que rodeaban la adicción a las drogas y el comportamiento errático de la celebridad pintaron un cuadro preocupante de las presiones de la fama y la fortuna.
turgid
[Adjetivo]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

ampuloso, pomposo

ampuloso, pomposo

Ex: The legal document was filled with turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .El documento legal estaba lleno de un lenguaje **inflado** que lo hacía casi imposible de entender.
acrostic
[Sustantivo]

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

acróstico

acróstico

burlesque
[Sustantivo]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodia

parodia

doggerel
[Sustantivo]

humorous and poorly written poetry

poesía burlesca

poesía burlesca

Ex: The critics have been mocking his recent collection as nothing more than lazy doggerel.Los críticos se han burlado de su reciente colección, describiéndola como nada más que **verso burdo** perezoso.
elegy
[Sustantivo]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegía

elegía

Ex: Through the elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .A través de la **elegía**, el poeta encontró catarsis al expresar su dolor y honrar la memoria del fallecido.
epic
[Sustantivo]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

epopeya

epopeya

Ex: The poet's latest work is an epic celebrating the founding of a legendary kingdom.La última obra del poeta es una **épica** que celebra la fundación de un reino legendario.
haiku
[Sustantivo]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku

haiku

Ex: She recited a haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .Ella recitó un **haiku** sobre las efímeras flores de cerezo.
lament
[Sustantivo]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

elegía

elegía

Ex: The novel included a lament from the protagonist that highlighted their deep sense of loss .La novela incluía un **lamento** del protagonista que destacaba su profundo sentido de pérdida.
lampoon
[Sustantivo]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

sátira

sátira

Ex: The lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .La **lampoon** en la revista de sátira criticó inteligentemente el manejo de la crisis por parte del gobierno.
ode
[Sustantivo]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

oda

oda

Ex: The ode was filled with elaborate metaphors and vivid imagery .La **oda** estaba llena de metáforas elaboradas e imágenes vívidas.
parody
[Sustantivo]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

parodia

parodia

Ex: The theater troupe performed a parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .La compañía de teatro interpretó una **parodia** de una conocida obra de Shakespeare, añadiendo giros cómicos y referencias contemporáneas al diálogo.
psalm
[Sustantivo]

any holy poem, song, or hymn, especially the ones in the Book of Psalms, used in Christian and Jewish worship

salmo

salmo

sonnet
[Sustantivo]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

soneto

soneto

Ex: She wrote a sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .Ella escribió un **soneto** para su clase de literatura, siguiendo la estructura tradicional de 14 líneas.
bard
[Sustantivo]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

bardo, vate

bardo, vate

Ex: At the festival , the bard captivated the audience with a lively performance of traditional songs .En el festival, el **bardo** cautivó al público con una animada interpretación de canciones tradicionales.
stanza
[Sustantivo]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

estrofa

estrofa

Ex: The stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
canto
[Sustantivo]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

canto

canto

Ex: The epic was originally composed in a series of cantos, each offering a unique perspective on the journey .La epopeya fue originalmente compuesta en una serie de **cantos**, cada uno ofreciendo una perspectiva única sobre el viaje.
conceit
[Sustantivo]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

concepto

concepto

Ex: Through the use of conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .A través del uso del **conceit**, el poeta explora la interconexión entre la naturaleza y la humanidad, trazando paralelos entre los ciclos del mundo natural y los ritmos de la vida humana.
enjambement
[Sustantivo]

the continuation of a line of poetry into another couplet or stanza without a break

encabalgamiento

encabalgamiento

rhetoric
[Sustantivo]

the use of language and figures of speech in a way that influences or entertains people

retórica

retórica

prosody
[Sustantivo]

the systematic study of metrical structures and sounds in poetry

prosodia

prosodia

addendum
[Sustantivo]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

apéndice, adenda

apéndice, adenda

Ex: The manuscript ’s addendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .El **addendum** del manuscrito contenía información suplementaria no cubierta en los capítulos principales.
antagonist
[Sustantivo]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista

antagonista

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against the antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .A lo largo de la historia, la lucha del protagonista contra el **antagonista** sirvió como una metáfora de temas más amplios del bien contra el mal y la resiliencia del espíritu humano.
appendix
[Sustantivo]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

apéndice

apéndice

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in the appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .Los lectores podrían encontrar especificaciones técnicas detalladas en el **apéndice**, incluyendo procedimientos experimentales y cálculos.
blurb
[Sustantivo]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

propaganda, texto de contraportada

propaganda, texto de contraportada

Ex: When browsing books online , readers often rely on blurbs to help them decide whether a particular title is worth exploring further .
marginalia
[Sustantivo]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, notas al margen

marginalia, notas al margen

glossary
[Sustantivo]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

glosario

glosario

Ex: The glossary not only defines terms but also provides examples of how to use them in sentences .El **glosario** no solo define los términos, sino que también proporciona ejemplos de cómo usarlos en oraciones.
erratum
[Sustantivo]

an error in a written or printed document

errata

errata

canon
[Sustantivo]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

canon

canon

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to the canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
motif
[Sustantivo]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

tema, motivo

tema, motivo

Ex: The motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .El **motivo** de "la naturaleza versus la civilización" sirve como un tema central en la historia, destacando la tensión entre los instintos primarios de la humanidad y las normas sociales.
codex
[Sustantivo]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

códice

códice

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection of codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .La biblioteca del monasterio alberga una notable colección de **códices**, cada uno meticulosamente copiado e ilustrado a mano por escribas dedicados.
magnum opus
[Sustantivo]

the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

obra maestra

obra maestra

Ex: The novelist 's magnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .El **magnum opus** del novelista, una épica expansiva que abarca generaciones, ha sido celebrado por su trama intrincada y sus personajes ricamente desarrollados.
novella
[Sustantivo]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

novela corta

novela corta

Ex: The novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development .La **novela corta** fue elogiada por su narrativa concisa y su rico desarrollo de personajes.
plot hole
[Sustantivo]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

vacío argumental, plot hole

vacío argumental, plot hole

prolixity
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

verbosidad, palabrería

verbosidad, palabrería

Ex: The editor advised the writer to avoid prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise , impactful statements to maintain the readers ' interest .El editor aconsejó al escritor que evitara la **prolijidad** eliminando palabras innecesarias y centrándose en declaraciones concisas e impactantes para mantener el interés de los lectores.

to use satire in order to criticize or ridicule a system, person, etc.

satirizar

satirizar

epilogue
[Sustantivo]

a concluding part added at the end of a novel, play, etc.

epílogo

epílogo

Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL
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