to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge
刮, 擦
园丁正在刮土壤以清除花坛中的杂草。
to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water
浸没, 淹没
潜水员在潜入清澈的蓝色泳池前完成了一个空翻。
to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface
磨碎, 碾碎
她必须在煮早晨咖啡之前研磨咖啡豆。
to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact
粉碎, 磨碎
收获后，谷物在磨坊中被粉碎成面粉。
to make something slightly wet or moist
弄湿, 稍微弄湿
他们在播种前湿润了土壤。
to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it
浸透, 湿透
他在上菜前用调料浸透了沙拉。
to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health
滋养, 喂养
她相信使用有机产品来滋养她的皮肤并保持其年轻的外观。
to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism
污染, 感染
生肉可能会用病原体污染冰箱里的其他食物。
to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person
碰撞, 相撞
在比赛期间，球员们在场上意外相撞，导致比赛短暂暂停。
to make it so that nothing can move through something
堵塞, 阻塞
多余的头发往往会随着时间的推移堵塞淋浴排水口。
to move through something, typically overcoming resistance
穿透, 渗透
凭着决心，他成功穿透了茂密的丛林。
to lightly touch or brush against something, often causing a slight scratch or mark
擦过, 轻触
猫从椅子上跳下来时，它的爪子擦过了我的手臂。
to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure
爆裂, 破裂
气球爆裂时发出很大的声响，吓了大家一跳。
to break physically into pieces, often suddenly or violently
断裂, 破碎
花瓶破裂成了几块尖锐的碎片。
(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly
破裂, 爆裂
极端压力可能导致锅炉破裂，构成重大安全风险。
to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy
劈开, 切开
在木工中，工匠们经常劈开木材以创建独特的形状和部件。
to take apart or destroy a structure or object
拆卸, 拆除
政府决定拆除废弃的建筑物，因为它对社区构成了安全隐患。
to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection
拧开, 旋开
机械师拧下螺栓以进入发动机舱。
to break suddenly into several pieces
粉碎, 打碎
玻璃掉到地上时碎裂成碎片。
(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak
倒塌, 坍塌
这座桥在超载卡车的重量下坍塌了。
to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure
拆除, 摧毁
拆毁球被用来拆除废弃的建筑物。
a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal
煤烟, 烟灰
烟囱清扫工清除了煤烟层，以提高壁炉的效率并降低烟囱火灾的风险。
the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.
外部, 外表
随着时间的推移，污垢和划痕在汽车的外部积累了起来。
the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking
浸没, 沉浸
潜水员沉浸在海洋深处，可以近距离观察海洋生物。
the release of gas, radiation, or other substances into the air or environment
排放, 释放
工厂必须减少排放以遵守环境法律。
words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes
铭文, 雕刻
游客们赞叹中世纪城堡墙上描绘历史事件的复杂铭文。
a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains
粒子, 颗粒
花粉颗粒在春季可能会引发易感个体的过敏反应。
a strong, bright flame or fire
火焰, 火灾
厨房里突然爆发了一场大火，使房间充满了烟雾。
a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture
板条, 狭板
她调整了百叶窗上的板条以控制进入房间的阳光量。
a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement
围栏, 围墙
电气设备被安置在一个安全的金属外壳中，以保护它免受天气因素的影响。
a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface
凹处, 壁龛
书架的设计是为了完美地贴合客厅墙壁上的凹处。
a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it
凹室, 壁龛
图书馆有一个舒适的凹室，内置书架，非常适合蜷缩起来读一本好书。
a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure
凹痕, 凹陷
他不小心掉了金属锅，导致底部出现了一个凹痕。
the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support
边缘, 轮辋
通过望远镜可以清楚地看到月球上陨石坑的边缘。
a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place
插座, 插口
她把USB线插入笔记本电脑的插座进行充电。
a long, elevated strip or crest of land, rock, or geological formation that extends prominently above its surroundings
山脊, 岭
沿着海底，大西洋中脊绵延数千英里，标志着构造板块之间的边界。
a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design
凹槽, 沟槽
the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place
路边, 路缘
餐厅为在线订购的顾客提供路边取货服务。
a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle
板, 石板
the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion
磨损, 摩擦导致的磨损
徒步旅行者的靴子显示出在崎岖地形上行走造成的磨损痕迹。
the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another
摩擦, 阻力
绳子在滑过金属环时经历了摩擦。
a deep, narrow, steep-sided depression on the ocean floor
海沟, 洋底深沟
地震通常与构造海沟有关。
a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish
清漆, 罩光漆
an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance
虚空, 空洞
建筑师经常设计带有空隙的建筑物，以创造开放和通风的空间。
a space that is utterly empty of all matter
真空, 虚空
完美真空的概念，即没有任何粒子或能量存在，是理论性的，用于思想实验和理论物理。
