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SAT Natural Sciences - Physical World

Here you will learn some English words related to the physical world, such as "pulverize", "dismantle", "dingy", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to scrape
to scrape
[Verb]

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

Ex: While cooking, he was scraping the burnt residue off the bottom of the pot. 
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to submerge

to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

Ex: The diver executed a somersault before submerging into the clear blue pool. 
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to grind
to grind
[Verb]

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

Ex: She had to grind the coffee beans before brewing her morning coffee. 
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to pulverize

to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

Ex: The machine was able to pulverize rocks into gravel for construction purposes. 
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to dampen
to dampen
[Verb]

to make something slightly wet or moist

Ex: She dampened the cloth before wiping the surface. 
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to drench
to drench
[Verb]

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

Ex: The sudden rainstorm drenched us as we hurried home. 
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to nourish

to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

Ex: Farmers work hard to nourish their crops with the right balance of water and nutrients. 
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to taint
to taint
[Verb]

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

Ex: The outbreak taints the water supply with harmful bacteria. 
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to collide

to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

Ex: The two cars collided at the intersection, resulting in a minor accident. 
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to clog
to clog
[Verb]

to make it so that nothing can move through something

Ex: After the heavy rain, leaves and debris tended to clog the gutters. 
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to penetrate

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

Ex: The bullet was designed to penetrate armor for increased effectiveness. 
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to graze
to graze
[Verb]

to lightly touch or brush against something, often causing a slight scratch or mark

Ex: The cat's claws grazed my arm as it jumped off the chair. 
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to burst
to burst
[Verb]

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

Ex: The balloon burst with a loud pop, startling everyone. 
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to fracture

to break physically into pieces, often suddenly or violently

Ex: The mirror fell to the ground and fractured into countless shards. 
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to rupture

(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

Ex: The aging water pipe finally ruptured, causing a water leak in the basement. 
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to cleave
to cleave
[Verb]

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

Ex: The chef deftly cleaved the meat with a sharp knife for precise portions. 
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to dismantle

to take apart or destroy a structure or object

Ex: The old factory was dismantled to make way for a new commercial development. 
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to unscrew

to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

Ex: He unscrewed the lid of the jar to open it. 
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to shatter

to break suddenly into several pieces

Ex: The glass shatters into fragments as it falls to the ground. 
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to collapse

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

Ex: The old building collapsed after years of neglect and structural decay. 
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to demolish

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

Ex: The old factory was demolished to make way for a new development. 
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soot
soot
[noun]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

Ex: The old fireplace emitted a cloud of soot, leaving dark stains on the surrounding walls. 
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exterior
exterior
[noun]

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

Ex: The mug’s glossy exterior was decorated with colorful patterns. 
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immersion
immersion
[noun]

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

Ex: He enjoyed the immersion in the warm bath after a long day's work. 
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emission
emission
[noun]

the release of gas, radiation, or other substances into the air or environment

Ex: The car produces less emission than older models. 
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inscription

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

Ex: The inscription on the ancient stone tablet provided clues about the civilization's language and customs. 
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particle
particle
[noun]

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

Ex: Scientists study the behavior of particles in particle physics to understand the fundamental forces of nature. 
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blaze
blaze
[noun]

a strong, bright flame or fire

Ex: The firefighters struggled to control the raging blaze. 
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slat
slat
[noun]

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

Ex: The fence was built using sturdy wooden slats to provide privacy. 
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enclosure
enclosure
[noun]

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

Ex: The zoo's tiger enclosure provided a safe habitat for the animals to roam. 
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recess
recess
[noun]

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface

Ex: The children hid their toys in the recess of the wall, where no one would find them. 
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alcove
alcove
[noun]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

Ex: The library had a cozy alcove with built-in bookshelves, perfect for curling up with a good book. 
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dent
dent
[noun]

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

Ex: The car door had a noticeable dent from where it had been hit by a shopping cart. 
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rim
rim
[noun]

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

Ex: She admired the intricate design on the rim of the antique porcelain bowl. 
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socket
socket
[noun]

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

Ex: The mechanic used a socket wrench to tighten the bolts on the car engine. 
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ridge
ridge
[noun]

a long, elevated strip or crest of land, rock, or geological formation that extends prominently above its surroundings

Ex: The Appalachian Mountains feature several scenic ridges that offer stunning views of the valleys below. 
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groove
groove
[noun]

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

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curbside
curbside
[noun]

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

Ex: He waited at the curbside for the taxi to arrive. 
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slab
slab
[noun]

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

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abrasion
abrasion
[noun]

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

Ex: The river's swift currents caused abrasion on the rocks, shaping them into smooth pebbles. 
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friction
friction
[noun]

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

Ex: Friction between the wheels and the road slows the car down. 
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trench
trench
[noun]

a deep, narrow, steep-sided depression on the ocean floor

Ex: The Mariana Trench is the deepest known part of the ocean. 
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varnish
varnish
[noun]

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

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void
void
[noun]

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

Ex: The cave explorers discovered a vast void deep within the mountain. 
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vacuum
vacuum
[noun]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

Ex: In physics, a vacuum is defined as a space devoid of any matter particles, including atoms and molecules. 
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airborne
airborne
[Adjective]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

Ex: The pollen from the flowers became airborne and triggered allergies for many people. 
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dingy
dingy
[Adjective]

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

Ex: The old apartment had a dingy carpet that hadn't been cleaned in years. 
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