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SAT Natural Sciences - Physical World

Here you will learn some English words related to the physical world, such as "pulverize", "dismantle", "dingy", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to scrape
[Verb]

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

Ex: scrapes the mud off her shoes before entering the house .
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to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

Ex: The submarine descended into the depths of the oceansubmerging beneath the waves .
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to grind
[Verb]

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

Ex: The barista carefully ground the coffee beans to achieve the desired coarseness.
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to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

Ex: The blender 's blades pulverize fruits and vegetables into smooth juices .
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to dampen
[Verb]

to make something slightly wet or moist

Ex: dampened the sponge before cleaning the spills .
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to drench
[Verb]

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

Ex: The heavy drenched the beachgoers with seawater .
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to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

Ex: It is important nourish relationships with family and friends for emotional well-being .
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to taint
[Verb]

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

Ex: Insects taint stored grains with molds and toxins .
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to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

Ex: The strong winds caused two trees to lean and collide during the storm .
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to clog
[Verb]

to make it so that nothing can move through something

Ex: A swarm of clogged the air filter of the HVAC system , affecting air quality in the building .
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to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

Ex: The drill penetrated the hard surface , creating a hole .
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to graze
[Verb]

to lightly touch or brush against something, often causing a slight scratch or mark

Ex: The hiker 's grazed the edge of the cliff , reminding them to watch their step carefully .
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to burst
[Verb]

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

Ex: The tire bursts while driving on the highway, causing the car to swerve.
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to crack something into multiple parts or pieces

Ex: When she dropped the porcelain dish , it did n't just break ; fractured into tiny fragments .
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(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

Ex: Emergency response teams were dispatched to the scene where a gas main was about rupture.
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to cleave
[Verb]

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

Ex: The cleaved the large block of stone into smaller , manageable pieces .
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to take apart or destroy a structure or object

Ex: The homeowners hired a demolition crew dismantle the condemned building on their property .
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to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

Ex: The unscrewed the pipe fittings to fix the leak .
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to break suddenly into several pieces

Ex: If you drop it , the glass shatter.
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(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

Ex: The ancient collapsed under the weight of the snow .
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to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

Ex: The construction crew demolish the existing walls before rebuilding .
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soot
[noun]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

Ex: Historic buildings may undergo periodic cleaning to remove soot from their facades .
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exterior
[noun]

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

Ex: The building ’s exterior gave it a timeless , elegant look .
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immersion
[noun]

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

Ex: immersion of the metal part in the acid bath helped remove the rust .
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emission
[noun]

the act of producing or releasing something, especially gas or radiation, into the atmosphere or environment

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words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

Ex: The memorial statue featured inscription honoring the fallen soldiers of the war .
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particle
[noun]

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

Ex: particles settled on the furniture , indicating the need for regular cleaning .
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blaze
[noun]

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

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slat
[noun]

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

Ex: The old barn had slats on the walls , giving it a rustic appearance .
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enclosure
[noun]

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

Ex: Archaeologists discovered ancient artifacts in a sealed enclosure buried underground .
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recess
[noun]

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface

Ex: recess in the corner of the garden was a perfect spot for a small fountain .
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alcove
[noun]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

Ex: The art gallery had a alcove dedicated to showcasing sculptures , illuminated by soft overhead lighting .
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dent
[noun]

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

Ex: The plumber fixed the sink , but there was still a dent on the side .
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rim
[noun]

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

Ex: He carefully traced his finger along rim of the antique telescope , feeling the smooth metal .
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socket
[noun]

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

Ex: She inserted the umbrella pole into the patio tablesocket to secure it against wind .
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ridge
[noun]

a long, elevated strip or crest of land, rock, or geological formation that extends prominently above its surroundings

Ex: The Great Dividing Range in Australia includes ridges that influence the country 's drainage patterns and climate .
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groove
[noun]

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

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curbside
[noun]

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

Ex: Pedestrians crossed the street using the designated curbside crosswalk.
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slab
[noun]

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

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abrasion
[noun]

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

Ex: The glacier 's movement across the landscape resulted in abrasion of the underlying bedrock .
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friction
[noun]

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

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trench
[noun]

a long, narrow excavation or ditch dug into the ground, typically for military purposes, drainage, or archaeological exploration

Ex: The trenches, found in the deepest parts of the ocean , host unique ecosystems adapted to extreme pressures and darkness .
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varnish
[noun]

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

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void
[noun]

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

Ex: Engineers detected void in the concrete foundation of the bridge during inspection .
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vacuum
[noun]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

Ex: vacuum of space is characterized by extremely low pressure and the absence of atmosphere .
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airborne
[Adjective]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

Ex: Scientists studied airborne pollutants in urban areas to assess their impact on air quality .
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dingy
[Adjective]

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

Ex: Despite dingy appearance , the old house had a certain charm .
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