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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Mundo Físico

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con el mundo físico, como "pulverizar", "desmantelar", "sucio", etc., que necesitarás para superar tus SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to scrape
to scrape
[Verbo]

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

raspar, rascar

raspar, rascar

Ex: They will scrape the old wallpaper off the walls before renovating the room. 

Ellos rasparán el viejo papel tapiz de las paredes antes de renovar la habitación.

to submerge

to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

sumergir

sumergir

Ex: The heavy rock, when thrown into the lake, created ripples as it quickly submerged. 

La roca pesada, al ser arrojada al lago, creó ondas mientras se sumergía rápidamente.

to grind
to grind
[Verbo]

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

moler

moler

Ex: In the kitchen, she used a mortar and pestle to grind the spices for the curry. 

En la cocina, usó un mortero y una maja para moler las especias para el curry.

to pulverize

to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

pulverizar, triturar

pulverizar, triturar

Ex: The demolition crew used heavy equipment to pulverize the concrete structure into rubble. 

El equipo de demolición utilizó maquinaria pesada para pulverizar la estructura de hormigón en escombros.

to dampen
to dampen
[Verbo]

to make something slightly wet or moist

humedecer, mojar ligeramente

humedecer, mojar ligeramente

Ex: He dampened his hair with water before styling it. 

Él humedeció su cabello con agua antes de peinarlo.

to drench
to drench
[Verbo]

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

empapar, calar

empapar, calar

Ex: The firefighter drenched the burning building with water to extinguish the flames. 

El bombero empapó el edificio en llamas con agua para extinguir las llamas.

to nourish
to nourish
[Verbo]

to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

nutrir, alimentar

nutrir, alimentar

Ex: The mother bird tirelessly searched for insects to nourish her hungry chicks. 

El pájaro madre buscó incansablemente insectos para alimentar a sus hambrientos polluelos.

to taint
to taint
[Verbo]

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

contaminar, infectar

contaminar, infectar

Ex: Flooding can taint crops with harmful bacteria from sewage. 

Las inundaciones pueden contaminar los cultivos con bacterias dañinas de las aguas residuales.

to collide
to collide
[Verbo]

to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

chocar

chocar

Ex: The bicycle collided with a pedestrian on the busy street. 

La bicicleta chocó con un peatón en la calle concurrida.

to clog
to clog
[Verbo]

to make it so that nothing can move through something

obstruir, tapar

obstruir, tapar

Ex: In a preventive measure, they decided to clog the air vents during the construction work. 

Como medida preventiva, decidieron obstruir los conductos de aire durante la obra.

to penetrate

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

penetrar

penetrar

Ex: The drill easily penetrated the hard surface, creating a hole. 

El taladro penetró fácilmente la superficie dura, creando un agujero.

to graze
to graze
[Verbo]

to lightly touch or brush against something, often causing a slight scratch or mark

rozar, raspar

rozar, raspar

Ex: The branches of the tree grazed the roof of the house during the storm, causing minor damage. 

Las ramas del árbol rozaron el techo de la casa durante la tormenta, causando daños menores.

to burst
to burst
[Verbo]

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

explotar, estallar

explotar, estallar

Ex: The pipe burst, flooding the basement with water. 

La tubería reventó, inundando el sótano con agua.

to fracture

to break physically into pieces, often suddenly or violently

fracturar

fracturar

Ex: The ice fractured under the weight of the hikers. 

El hielo se fracturó bajo el peso de los excursionistas.

to rupture
to rupture
[Verbo]

(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

romperse

romperse

Ex: The earthquake caused the gas line to rupture, leading to potential hazards. 

El terremoto causó la ruptura de la línea de gas, lo que llevó a peligros potenciales.

to cleave
to cleave
[Verbo]

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

cortar, hender

cortar, hender

Ex: To open the coconut, he cleaved it in half using a machete. 

Para abrir el coco, lo partió por la mitad usando un machete.

to dismantle

to take apart or destroy a structure or object

desmontar, desmantelar

desmontar, desmantelar

Ex: The construction crew was hired to dismantle the dilapidated bridge and replace it with a modern one. 

El equipo de construcción fue contratado para desmantelar el puente deteriorado y reemplazarlo por uno moderno.

to unscrew
to unscrew
[Verbo]

to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

desenroscar, destornillar

desenroscar, destornillar

Ex: She unscrewed the light bulb from the socket to replace it with a new one. 

Ella desenroscó la bombilla del portalámparas para reemplazarla por una nueva.

to shatter
to shatter
[Verbo]

to break suddenly into several pieces

hacer añicos, hacer pedazos

hacer añicos, hacer pedazos

Ex: The mirror shatters into shards when it is hit by the ball. 

El espejo se rompe en pedazos cuando es golpeado por la pelota.

to collapse

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

derrumbarse

derrumbarse

Ex: The roof collapsed during the storm due to the heavy snow accumulation. 

El techo se derrumbó durante la tormenta debido a la fuerte acumulación de nieve.

to demolish

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

demoler, derribar

demoler, derribar

Ex: The earthquake had the power to demolish poorly constructed houses. 

El terremoto tuvo el poder de demoler las casas mal construidas.

soot
soot
[Sustantivo]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

hollín, carbonilla

hollín, carbonilla

Ex: Heavy traffic in urban areas can contribute to elevated levels of soot in the air, affecting air quality. 

El tráfico pesado en áreas urbanas puede contribuir a niveles elevados de hollín en el aire, afectando la calidad del aire.

exterior
exterior
[Sustantivo]

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

exterior

exterior

Ex: She wiped down the box’s exterior before opening it. 

Ella limpió el exterior de la caja antes de abrirla.

immersion
immersion
[Sustantivo]

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

inmersión, sumersión

inmersión, sumersión

Ex: Scientists conduct experiments under immersion in liquid nitrogen to study extreme temperature effects. 

Los científicos realizan experimentos bajo inmersión en nitrógeno líquido para estudiar los efectos de temperaturas extremas.

emission
emission
[Sustantivo]

the release of gas, radiation, or other substances into the air or environment

emisión, descarga

emisión, descarga

Ex: Scientists measure carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. 

Los científicos miden las emisiones de dióxido de carbono de las centrales eléctricas.

inscription
inscription
[Sustantivo]

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

inscripción, grabado

inscripción, grabado

Ex: The antique pocket watch had a personalized inscription on the back, marking it as a cherished heirloom. 

El reloj de bolsillo antiguo tenía una inscripción personalizada en la parte posterior, lo que lo marcaba como una reliquia querida.

particle
particle
[Sustantivo]

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

partícula, grano

partícula, grano

Ex: The air quality monitor detects harmful particles such as smoke and pollutants in the atmosphere. 

El monitor de calidad del aire detecta partículas nocivas como humo y contaminantes en la atmósfera.

blaze
blaze
[Sustantivo]

a strong, bright flame or fire

llamarada

llamarada

Ex: The campfire burned as a cheerful blaze under the stars. 

La fogata ardía como una llamarada alegre bajo las estrellas.

slat
slat
[Sustantivo]

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

lama, listón

lama, listón

Ex: The deck chair had flexible slats that conformed to the shape of the body for comfort. 

La tumbona tenía listones flexibles que se adaptaban a la forma del cuerpo para mayor comodidad.

enclosure
enclosure
[Sustantivo]

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

recinto, cerco

recinto, cerco

Ex: The backyard garden was surrounded by a wooden enclosure to keep out animals and define the property boundaries. 

El jardín trasero estaba rodeado por un cerramiento de madera para mantener alejados a los animales y definir los límites de la propiedad.

recess
recess
[Sustantivo]

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface

hueco, nicho

hueco, nicho

Ex: The recess in the corner of the garden was a perfect spot for a small fountain. 

El hueco en la esquina del jardín era un lugar perfecto para una pequeña fuente.

alcove
alcove
[Sustantivo]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

hueco

hueco

Ex: The bedroom featured a window alcove, providing a sunny spot for a reading nook or small seating area. 

El dormitorio contaba con un rincón de ventana, proporcionando un lugar soleado para un rincón de lectura o una pequeña zona de estar.

dent
dent
[Sustantivo]

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

abolladura, hoyo

abolladura, hoyo

Ex: The hailstorm left dents all over the hood of the car. 

La tormenta de granizo dejó abolladuras por todo el capó del coche.

rim
rim
[Sustantivo]

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

borde, aro

borde, aro

Ex: The rim of the plate was adorned with an intricate floral pattern. 

El borde del plato estaba adornado con un intrincado patrón floral.

socket
socket
[Sustantivo]

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

zócalo, enchufe

zócalo, enchufe

Ex: The dentist examined the patient's tooth socket after a tooth extraction. 

El dentista examinó el alvéolo del paciente después de una extracción dental.

ridge
ridge
[Sustantivo]

a long, elevated strip or crest of land, rock, or geological formation that extends prominently above its surroundings

cresta, lomo

cresta, lomo

Ex: In desert landscapes, sandstone ridges create natural barriers and distinctive formations that stand out against the flat plains. 

En los paisajes desérticos, las crestas de arenisca crean barreras naturales y formaciones distintivas que sobresalen en las llanuras planas.

groove
groove
[Sustantivo]

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

ranura, surco

ranura, surco

curbside
curbside
[Sustantivo]

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

borde de la acera, lado de la carretera

borde de la acera, lado de la carretera

Ex: Residents were instructed to place their trash bins at the curbside for collection. 

Se instruyó a los residentes a colocar sus contenedores de basura en la acera para la recolección.

slab
slab
[Sustantivo]

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

losa

losa

abrasion
abrasion
[Sustantivo]

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

abrasión, desgaste por fricción

abrasión, desgaste por fricción

Ex: Wind-driven sand caused abrasion on the paint of the old wooden fence. 

La arena impulsada por el viento causó abrasión en la pintura de la vieja valla de madera.

friction
friction
[Sustantivo]

the resistance or opposing force encountered when one object moves in contact with another

fricción

fricción

Ex: Brakes work by creating friction against the wheel. 

Los frenos funcionan creando fricción contra la rueda.

trench
trench
[Sustantivo]

a deep, narrow, steep-sided depression on the ocean floor

fosa, zanja oceánica

fosa, zanja oceánica

Ex: Oceanographers study marine life in trenches. 

Los oceanógrafos estudian la vida marina en las fosas.

varnish
varnish
[Sustantivo]

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

barniz, laca

barniz, laca

void
void
[Sustantivo]

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

vacío, hueco

vacío, hueco

Ex: The map showed a large void in the forest where no settlements were marked. 

El mapa mostraba un gran vacío en el bosque donde no se marcaban asentamientos.

vacuum
vacuum
[Sustantivo]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vacío

vacío

Ex: The vacuum inside a cathode-ray tube allows electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode without encountering air molecules, facilitating the display of images. 

El vacío dentro de un tubo de rayos catódicos permite que los electrones viajen desde el cátodo hasta el ánodo sin encontrarse con moléculas de aire, facilitando la visualización de imágenes.

airborne
airborne
[Adjetivo]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

aéreo, transportado por el aire

aéreo, transportado por el aire

Ex: Military personnel conducted airborne operations to parachute into enemy territory. 

El personal militar llevó a cabo operaciones aerotransportadas para lanzarse en paracaídas en territorio enemigo.

dingy
dingy
[Adjetivo]

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

oscuro, sucio

oscuro, sucio

Ex: After the rain, the once bright white shirt looked dingy and stained. 

Después de la lluvia, la camisa que antes era de un blanco brillante parecía sucio y manchada.

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